Drop-on-demand sample delivery for studying biocatalysts in action at X-ray free-electron lasers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
- Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). Dept. of Biology
- Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of BioSciences
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
- Humboldt Univ. of Berlin (Germany). Inst. fur Biologie
- Umea Univ. (Sweden). Inst. for Kemi, Kemiskt Biologiskt Centrum
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), (Germany). German Research Centre for Materials and Energy, Inst. for Methods and Instrumentation on Synchrotron Radiation Research
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Harwell Campus, Oxford (United Kingdom). Diamond Light Source, Ltd.
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Harwell Campus, Oxford (United Kingdom). Diamond Light Source, Ltd.; Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Biochemistry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division; Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza (Egypt). Center for Photonics and Smart Materials (CPSM)
- Umea Univ. (Sweden). Inst. for Kemi, Kemiskt Biologiskt Centrum; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II); Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). SwissFEL
- Umea Univ. (Sweden). Inst. for Kemi, Kemiskt Biologiskt Centrum; Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Chemistry - Angstrom, Molecular Biomimetics
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of BioSciences; Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
© 2017 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron laser sources is a powerful method for studying macromolecules at biologically relevant temperatures. Moreover, when combined with complementary techniques like X-ray emission spectroscopy, both global structures and chemical properties of metalloenzymes can be obtained concurrently, providing insights into the interplay between the protein structure and dynamics and the chemistry at an active site. The implementation of such a multimodal approach can be compromised by conflicting requirements to optimize each individual method. In particular, the method used for sample delivery greatly affects the data quality. We present here a robust way of delivering controlled sample amounts on demand using acoustic droplet ejection coupled with a conveyor belt drive that is optimized for crystallography and spectroscopy measurements of photochemical and chemical reactions over a wide range of time scales. Studies with photosystem II, the phytochrome photoreceptor, and ribonucleotide reductase R2 illustrate the power and versatility of this method.
- Research Organization:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-98CH10886; SC0012704; GM110501; P41GM111244; P41GM103393; 2013-541; 2013-5884; 8P41GM103473-16; 2-P41-RR012408
- OSTI ID:
- 1360909
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1379743; OSTI ID: 1392209
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-114091-2017-JA; nmeth.4195
- Journal Information:
- Nature Methods, Vol. 14, Issue 4; ISSN 1548-7091
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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