Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

Hamidian, M. H.; Edkins, S. D.; Joo, Sang Hyun; Kostin, A.; Eisaki, H.; Uchida, S.; Lawler, M. J.; Kim, E. -A.; Mackenzie, A. P.; Fujita, K.; Lee, Jinho; Davis, J. C.  Seamus

doi:10.1038/nature17411

Title: Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x

Journal Article · Wed Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17411· OSTI ID:1341670

Hamidian, M. H. ^[1]; Edkins, S. D. ^[2]; Joo, Sang Hyun ^[3]; Kostin, A. ^[4]; Eisaki, H. ^[5]; Uchida, S. ^[6]; Lawler, M. J. ^[7]; Kim, E. -A. ^[4]; Mackenzie, A. P. ^[8]; Fujita, K. ^[9]; Lee, Jinho ^[3]; Davis, J. C. Seamus ^[10]

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics; Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy. Inst. of Applied Physics; Inst. of Basic Science, Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Center for Correlated Electron Systems
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics
Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan)
Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Physics
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics; Binghamton Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy; Max Planck Inst. for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden (Germany)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics. Kavli Inst. at Cornell for Nanoscale Science; Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept.

The quantum condensate of Cooper pairs forming a superconductor was originally conceived as being translationally invariant. In theory, however, pairs can exist with finite momentum Q, thus generating a state with a spatially modulated Cooper-pair density. Such a state has been created in ultracold ⁶Li gas but never observed directly in any superconductor. It is now widely hypothesized that the pseudogap phase of the copper oxide superconductors contains such a ‘pair density wave’ state. In this paper we report the use of nanometre-resolution scanned Josephson tunnelling microscopy to image Cooper pair tunnelling from a d-wave superconducting microscope tip to the condensate of the superconductor Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x. We demonstrate condensate visualization capabilities directly by using the Cooper-pair density variations surrounding zinc impurity atoms and at the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x crystal supermodulation. Then, by using Fourier analysis of scanned Josephson tunnelling images, we discover the direct signature of a Cooper-pair density modulation at wavevectors Q_P ≈ (0.25, 0)2π/a₀ and (0, 0.25)2π/a₀ in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x. The amplitude of these modulations is about five per cent of the background condensate density and their form factor exhibits primarily s or s' symmetry. Finally, this phenomenology is consistent with Ginzburg–Landau theory when a charge density wave with d-symmetry form factor and wavevector Q_C = Q_P coexists with a d-symmetry superconductor; it is also predicted by several contemporary microscopic theories for the pseudogap phase.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of); Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom); Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Moore Foundation (United States); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Ministry of Science and Education (Japan); Institute for Basic Science (Korea, Republic of)

Contributing Organization:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Inst. of Basic Science, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); Binghamton Univ., NY (United States); Max Planck Inst. for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden (Germany)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-98CH10886; SC0010313; GBMF4544; EP/G03673X/1; IBS-R009-D1

OSTI ID:: 1341670

Report Number(s):: BNL-113397-2016-JA; R&D Project: PM007; KC0201010

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 532, Issue 7599; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 170 works

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Commensurate 4 a ₀ -period charge density modulations throughout the Bi ₂ Sr ₂ CaCu ₂ O _8+x pseudogap regime

Journal Article · Thu Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:1341670

Mesaros, Andrej; Fujita, Kazuhiro; Edkins, Stephen D.; +6 more

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75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
superconducting properties and materials
electronic properties and materials

Title: Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

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Title: Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x