Experimental Insight into the Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Electrolytes in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: From the Mass Action Law to the Absolute Standard Chemical Potential of a Proton

Matsubara, Yasuo; Grills, David C.; Koide, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1021/acsomega.6b00129

Title: Experimental Insight into the Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Electrolytes in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: From the Mass Action Law to the Absolute Standard Chemical Potential of a Proton

Journal Article · Wed Dec 28 00:00:00 EST 2016 · ACS Omega

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6b00129· OSTI ID:1337583

Matsubara, Yasuo ^[1];

^[2]; Koide, Yoshihiro ^[1]

Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States

Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of nonaqueous solvents that have expanded the realm of modern chemistry, drawing increasing interest over the last few decades, not only in terms of their own unique physical chemistry but also in many applications including organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and biological systems, wherein charged solutes (i.e., electrolytes) often play vital roles. But, our fundamental understanding of the dissolution of an electrolyte in an IL is still rather limited. For example, the activity of a charged species has frequently been assumed to be unity without a clear experimental basis. In this study, we have discussed a standard component-based scheme for the dissolution of an electrolyte in an IL, supported by our observation of ideal Nernstian responses for the reduction of silver and ferrocenium salts in a representative IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([emim⁺][NTf₂^-] or [emim⁺][TFSI^-]). Using this scheme, which was also supported by temperature-dependent measurements with ILs having longer alkyl chains in the imidazolium ring, and the solubility of the IL in water, we established the concept of Gibbs transfer energies of “pseudo-single ions” from the IL to conventional neutral molecular solvents (water, acetonitrile, and methanol). This concept, which bridges component- and constituent-based energetics, utilizes an extrathermodynamic assumption, which itself was justified by experimental observations. Furthermore, these energies enable us to eliminate inner potential differences between the IL and molecular solvents (solvent-solvent interactions), that is, on a practical level, conditional liquid junction potential differences, so that we can discuss ion-solvent interactions independently. Specifically, we have examined the standard electrode potential of the ferrocenium/ferrocene redox couple, Fc⁺/Fc, and the absolute intrinsic standard chemical potential of a proton in [emim⁺][NTf₂^-], finding that the proton is more acidic in the IL than in water by 6.5 ± 0.6 units on the unified pH scale. Finally, our results strengthen the progress on the physical chemistry of ions in IL solvent systems on the basis of their activities, providing a rigorous thermodynamic framework.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC00112704

OSTI ID:: 1337583

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1339945; OSTI ID: 1341613

Report Number(s):: BNL-113339-2016-JA

Journal Information:: ACS Omega, Journal Name: ACS Omega Vol. 1 Journal Issue: 6; ISSN 2470-1343

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 14 works

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