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Title: The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties

Abstract

In this study, the multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550) over land is ~0.19, and that over oceans is ~0.13. About 45 % of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques that are optimized to measure aerosol optical properties under low AOD conditions. We present an inherently calibrated retrieval (i.e., no need for radiance calibration) to simultaneously measure AOD and the aerosol phase function parameter, g, based on measurements of azimuth distributions of the Raman scattering probability (RSP), the near-absolute rotational Raman scattering (RRS) intensity. We employ radiative transfer model simulations to show that for solar azimuth RSP measurements at solar elevation and solar zenith angle (SZA) smaller than 80°, RSP is insensitive to the vertical distribution of aerosols and maximally sensitive to changes in AOD and g under near-molecular scattering conditions. The University of Colorado two-dimensional Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument was deployed as part of the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA, during the summer of 2012 to measure direct sun spectra and RSP from scattered light spectra at solar relative azimuth angles (SRAAs) between 5 and 170°. Duringmore » two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, 0.3 < AOD430 < 0.6) and (2) near-molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD430 < 0.13) we compare RSP-based retrievals of AOD430 and g with data from a co-located CIMEL sun photometer, Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), and an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2). The average difference (relative to DOAS) for AOD430 is +0.012 ± 0.023 (CIMEL), –0.012 ± 0.024 (MFRSR), –0.011 ± 0.014 (HSRL-2), and +0.023 ± 0.013 (CIMELAOD –MFRSRAOD) and yields the following expressions for correlations between different instruments: DOASAOD = –(0.019 ± 0.006) + (1.03 ± 0.02) × CIMELAOD (R2 = 0.98), DOASAOD = –(0.006 ± 0.005) + (1.08 ± 0.02) × MFRSRAOD (R2 = 0.98), and CIMELAOD = (0.013 ± 0.004) + (1.05 ± 0.01) × MFRSRAOD (R2 = 0.99). The average g measured by DOAS on both days was 0.66 ± 0.03, with a difference of 0.014 ± 0.05 compared to CIMEL. Active steps to minimize the error in the RSP help to reduce the uncertainty in retrievals of AOD and g. As AOD decreases and SZA increases, the RSP signal-to-noise ratio increases. At AOD430 ~0.4 and 0.10 the absolute AOD errors are ~ 0.014 and 0.003 at 70° SZA and 0.02 and 0.004 at 35° SZA. Inherently calibrated, precise AOD and g measurements are useful to better characterize the aerosol direct effect in urban polluted and remote pristine environments.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1307785
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1337257
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-114881
Journal ID: ISSN 1867-8548
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0006080; AC06-76RLO 1830; AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Published Article
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online) Journal Volume: 9 Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1867-8548
Publisher:
Copernicus Publications, EGU
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Ortega, Ivan, Coburn, Sean, Berg, Larry K., Lantz, Kathy, Michalsky, Joseph, Ferrare, Richard A., Hair, Johnathan W., Hostetler, Chris A., and Volkamer, Rainer. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties. Germany: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016.
Ortega, Ivan, Coburn, Sean, Berg, Larry K., Lantz, Kathy, Michalsky, Joseph, Ferrare, Richard A., Hair, Johnathan W., Hostetler, Chris A., & Volkamer, Rainer. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties. Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016
Ortega, Ivan, Coburn, Sean, Berg, Larry K., Lantz, Kathy, Michalsky, Joseph, Ferrare, Richard A., Hair, Johnathan W., Hostetler, Chris A., and Volkamer, Rainer. 2016. "The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties". Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016.
@article{osti_1307785,
title = {The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties},
author = {Ortega, Ivan and Coburn, Sean and Berg, Larry K. and Lantz, Kathy and Michalsky, Joseph and Ferrare, Richard A. and Hair, Johnathan W. and Hostetler, Chris A. and Volkamer, Rainer},
abstractNote = {In this study, the multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550) over land is ~0.19, and that over oceans is ~0.13. About 45 % of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques that are optimized to measure aerosol optical properties under low AOD conditions. We present an inherently calibrated retrieval (i.e., no need for radiance calibration) to simultaneously measure AOD and the aerosol phase function parameter, g, based on measurements of azimuth distributions of the Raman scattering probability (RSP), the near-absolute rotational Raman scattering (RRS) intensity. We employ radiative transfer model simulations to show that for solar azimuth RSP measurements at solar elevation and solar zenith angle (SZA) smaller than 80°, RSP is insensitive to the vertical distribution of aerosols and maximally sensitive to changes in AOD and g under near-molecular scattering conditions. The University of Colorado two-dimensional Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument was deployed as part of the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA, during the summer of 2012 to measure direct sun spectra and RSP from scattered light spectra at solar relative azimuth angles (SRAAs) between 5 and 170°. During two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, 0.3 < AOD430 < 0.6) and (2) near-molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD430 < 0.13) we compare RSP-based retrievals of AOD430 and g with data from a co-located CIMEL sun photometer, Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), and an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2). The average difference (relative to DOAS) for AOD430 is +0.012 ± 0.023 (CIMEL), –0.012 ± 0.024 (MFRSR), –0.011 ± 0.014 (HSRL-2), and +0.023 ± 0.013 (CIMELAOD –MFRSRAOD) and yields the following expressions for correlations between different instruments: DOASAOD = –(0.019 ± 0.006) + (1.03 ± 0.02) × CIMELAOD (R2 = 0.98), DOASAOD = –(0.006 ± 0.005) + (1.08 ± 0.02) × MFRSRAOD (R2 = 0.98), and CIMELAOD = (0.013 ± 0.004) + (1.05 ± 0.01) × MFRSRAOD (R2 = 0.99). The average g measured by DOAS on both days was 0.66 ± 0.03, with a difference of 0.014 ± 0.05 compared to CIMEL. Active steps to minimize the error in the RSP help to reduce the uncertainty in retrievals of AOD and g. As AOD decreases and SZA increases, the RSP signal-to-noise ratio increases. At AOD430 ~0.4 and 0.10 the absolute AOD errors are ~ 0.014 and 0.003 at 70° SZA and 0.02 and 0.004 at 35° SZA. Inherently calibrated, precise AOD and g measurements are useful to better characterize the aerosol direct effect in urban polluted and remote pristine environments.},
doi = {10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1307785}, journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)},
issn = {1867-8548},
number = 8,
volume = 9,
place = {Germany},
year = {Tue Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record at https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016

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Cited by: 6 works
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