skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: The SL2S galaxy-scale lens sample. V. dark matter halos and stellar IMF of massive early-type galaxies out to redshift 0.8

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7]
  1. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Physics Dept.
  2. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Physics Dept.; Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  3. Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, CA (United States)
  4. Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan). Inst. of Astronomy and Astrophysics
  5. Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France). Inst. of Astrophysics
  6. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Inst. of Astronomy
  7. Bologna Univ. (Italy). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
+ Show Author Affiliations

Here, we investigate the cosmic evolution of the internal structure of massive early-type galaxies over half of the age of the universe. We also perform a joint lensing and stellar dynamics analysis of a sample of 81 strong lenses from the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey and Sloan ACS Lens Survey and combine the results with a hierarchical Bayesian inference method to measure the distribution of dark matter mass and stellar initial mass function (IMF) across the population of massive early-type galaxies. Lensing selection effects are taken into account. Furthermore, we found that the dark matter mass projected within the inner 5 kpc increases for increasing redshift, decreases for increasing stellar mass density, but is roughly constant along the evolutionary tracks of early-type galaxies. The average dark matter slope is consistent with that of a Navarro-Frenk-White profile, but is not well constrained. The stellar IMF normalization is close to a Salpeter IMF at log M * = 11.5 and scales strongly with increasing stellar mass. No dependence of the IMF on redshift or stellar mass density is detected. The anti-correlation between dark matter mass and stellar mass density supports the idea of mergers being more frequent in more massive dark matter halos.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1336371
Report Number(s):
SLAC-PUB-16265
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 800, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 105 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (88)

Dynamical models of elliptical galaxies – II. M87 and its globular clusters journal June 2014
Quantifying the Biases of Spectroscopically Selected Gravitational Lenses journal June 2012
The Sloan lens acs Survey. x. Stellar, Dynamical, and Total mass Correlations of Massive Early-Type Galaxies journal November 2010
Dark Matter Contraction and the Stellar Content of Massive Early-Type Galaxies: Disfavoring “Light” Initial mass Functions journal September 2010
A low-mass cut-off near the hydrogen burning limit for Salpeter-like initial mass functions in early-type galaxies journal September 2013
The SWELLS survey – VI. Hierarchical inference of the initial mass functions of bulges and discs journal November 2013
The mass Distribution and Assembly of the Milky way from the Properties of the Magellanic Clouds journal November 2011
Systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies journal April 2012
The ATLAS3D project – XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane journal May 2013
CONSTRAINING THE ASSEMBLY OF NORMAL AND COMPACT PASSIVELY EVOLVING GALAXIES FROM REDSHIFT z = 3 TO THE PRESENT WITH CANDELS journal September 2013
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function journal July 2003
THE ASSEMBLY HISTORIES OF QUIESCENT GALAXIES SINCE z = 0.7 FROM ABSORPTION LINE SPECTROSCOPY journal August 2014
Mass downsizing and “top-down” assembly of early-type galaxies journal June 2006
Fast evolving size of early-type galaxies at z > 2 and the role of dissipationless (dry) merging: Fast evolving size of early-type galaxies journal March 2012
The Stellar Initial mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies from Absorption line Spectroscopy. ii. Results journal November 2012
The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: the impact of environment on the size evolution of massive early-type galaxies at intermediate redshift★†: Environment and the evolution of galaxy sizes journal November 2011
RED NUGGETS AT HIGH REDSHIFT: STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF QUIESCENT GALAXIES OVER 10 Gyr OF COSMIC HISTORY journal September 2011
Fundamental properties of elliptical galaxies journal February 1987
Spectroscopy and photometry of elliptical galaxies. I - A new distance estimator journal February 1987
AGN-driven quenching of star formation: morphological and dynamical implications for early-type galaxies journal June 2013
The bulge–halo conspiracy in massive elliptical galaxies: implications for the stellar initial mass function and halo response to baryonic processes journal January 2014
The SWELLS survey – V. A Salpeter stellar initial mass function in the bulges of massive spiral galaxies journal November 2012
Environmental dependence of dark matter halo growth - I. Halo merger rates journal April 2009
The Argo simulation – I. Quenching of massive galaxies at high redshift as a result of cosmological starvation journal November 2014
A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies journal August 2000
Systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function with velocity dispersion in early-type galaxies journal November 2012
The K20 survey: VI. The distribution of the stellar masses in galaxies up to $z \simeq\,2$ journal August 2004
The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe journal September 2005
Ringfinder: Automated Detection of Galaxy-Scale Gravitational Lenses in Ground-Based Multi-Filter Imaging data journal April 2014
THE SL2S GALAXY-SCALE GRAVITATIONAL LENS SAMPLE. I. THE ALIGNMENT OF MASS AND LIGHT IN MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES AT z = 0.2-0.9 journal December 2012
A Relationship between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion journal August 2000
On the Average Density Profile of Dark-Matter Halos in the Inner Regions of Massive Early-Type Galaxies journal February 2012
On the Black Hole Mass-Bulge Mass Relation journal March 2004
An analytical model for spherical galaxies and bulges journal June 1990
Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei. iv. Evolution in the Scaling Relations of Spheroids journal February 2009
The evolution of the mass–size relation for early-type galaxies from z ∼ 1 to the present: dependence on environment, mass range and detailed morphology journal November 2012
The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies journal June 2009
Mass assembly in quiescent and star-forming galaxies since z ≃ 4 from UltraVISTA journal July 2013
A simple model for the distribution of light in spherical galaxies journal April 1983
The Baryon Fractions and Mass‐to‐Light Ratios of Early‐Type Galaxies journal December 2007
Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data journal August 2007
The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. III. The Structure and Formation of Early‐Type Galaxies and Their Evolution since z ≈ 1 journal October 2006
The Size-Virial Radius Relation of Galaxies journal February 2013
SPIDER VIII – constraints on the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies from a variety of spectral features journal June 2013
Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ∼ 2 journal August 2013
Galaxy density profiles and shapes - II. Selection biases in strong lensing surveys journal September 2009
The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity journal April 2003
Radial variations in the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies journal December 2014
THE EVOLUTION OF THE STELLAR MASS FUNCTIONS OF STAR-FORMING AND QUIESCENT GALAXIES TO z = 4 FROM THE COSMOS/UltraVISTA SURVEY journal October 2013
Minor Mergers and the size Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies journal June 2009
A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering journal December 1997
Can Minor Merging Account for the size Growth of Quiescent Galaxies? new Results from the Candels Survey journal February 2012
The Density Profiles of Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters. ii. Separating Luminous and dark Matter in Cluster Cores journal February 2013
Mass distribution and orbital anisotropy of early-type galaxies: constraints from the mass plane journal October 2008
Size and velocity-dispersion evolution of early-type galaxies in a Λ cold dark matter universe: Evolution of early-type galaxies journal March 2012
The stellar and dark matter distributions in elliptical galaxies from the ensemble of strong gravitational lenses journal February 2014
PyMC : Bayesian Stochastic Modelling in Python journal January 2010
MASS AND ENVIRONMENT AS DRIVERS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION IN SDSS AND zCOSMOS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE SCHECHTER FUNCTION journal August 2010
How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores: Supernova feedback and dark matter cores journal March 2012
Understanding the structural scaling relations of early-type galaxies journal August 2014
The stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies from low to high stellar velocity dispersion: homogeneous analysis of atlas3D and Sloan Lens ACS galaxies journal November 2014
zCOSMOS – 10k-bright spectroscopic sample: The bimodality in the galaxy stellar mass function: exploring its evolution with redshift⋆ journal November 2010
The dark Halo—Spheroid Conspiracy and the Origin of Elliptical Galaxies journal March 2013
The Evolution and Structure of Early‐Type Field Galaxies: A Combined Statistical Analysis of Gravitational Lenses journal April 2005
The Luminosity Function and Stellar Evolution. journal January 1955
A CALIBRATION OF THE STELLAR MASS FUNDAMENTAL PLANE AT z ∼ 0.5 USING THE MICRO-LENSING-INDUCED FLUX RATIO ANOMALIES OF MACRO-LENSED QUASARS , , journal September 2014
Size evolution of spheroids in a hierarchical Universe journal October 2012
SALPETER NORMALIZATION OF THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION FOR MASSIVE GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1 journal April 2014
A giant elliptical galaxy with a lightweight initial mass function★† journal July 2013
The sl2s Galaxy-Scale lens Sample. iii. lens Models, Surface Photometry, and Stellar Masses for the Final Sample journal October 2013
PURELY DRY MERGERS DO NOT EXPLAIN THE OBSERVED EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES SINCE z ∼ 1 journal April 2014
Evidence for dark Matter Contraction and a Salpeter Initial mass Function in a Massive Early-Type Galaxy journal June 2012
The sl2s Galaxy-Scale lens Sample. iv. the Dependence of the Total mass Density Profile of Early-Type Galaxies on Redshift, Stellar Mass, and size journal October 2013
Evidence for a mild Steepening and Bottom-Heavy Initial mass Function in Massive Galaxies from Sodium and Titanium-Oxide Indicators journal June 2012
The stellar IMF in early-type galaxies from a non-degenerate set of optical line indices journal December 2013
The halos of satellite galaxies: the companion of the massive elliptical lens SL2S J08544−0121 journal November 2010
Dissecting the Gravitational lens B1608+656. ii. Precision Measurements of the Hubble Constant, Spatial Curvature, and the dark Energy Equation of State journal February 2010
Cosmology from Gravitational lens time Delays and Planck data journal June 2014
THE STELLAR MASS STRUCTURE OF MASSIVE GALAXIES FROM z = 0 TO z = 2.5: SURFACE DENSITY PROFILES AND HALF-MASS RADII journal January 2013
An Inventory of the Stellar Initial mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies journal February 2013
Strong Lensing by Galaxies journal August 2010
The Initial mass Function of Early-Type Galaxies journal January 2010
The Internal Structure and Formation of Early‐Type Galaxies: The Gravitational Lens System MG 2016+112 at z = 1.004 journal August 2002
The internal structure of the lens PG1115+080: breaking degeneracies in the value of the Hubble constant journal September 2002
A substantial population of low-mass stars in luminous elliptical galaxies journal December 2010
Confirmation of Enhanced Dwarf-Sensitive Absorption Features in the Spectra of Massive Elliptical Galaxies: Further Evidence for a Non-Universal Initial mass Function journal June 2011
The Stellar Initial mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies from Absorption line Spectroscopy. i. data and Empirical Trends journal November 2012
Analytical models for galactic nuclei journal January 1996

Cited By (59)

Fast automated analysis of strong gravitational lenses with convolutional neural networks journal August 2017
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: I. Survey description and preliminary data release⋆ journal February 2017
Deep convolutional neural networks as strong gravitational lens detectors journal March 2018
Survey of gravitationally-lensed objects in HSC imaging (SuGOHI): III. Statistical strong lensing constraints on the stellar IMF of CMASS galaxies journal September 2019
Space Warps– II. New gravitational lens candidates from the CFHTLS discovered through citizen science journal November 2015
Space Warps – I. Crowdsourcing the discovery of gravitational lenses journal November 2015
Galaxy structure from multiple tracers – II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales journal January 2016
Modelling and interpreting spectral energy distributions of galaxies with beagle journal July 2016
Finding strong lenses in CFHTLS using convolutional neural networks journal June 2017
Finding strong gravitational lenses in the Kilo Degree Survey with Convolutional Neural Networks journal August 2017
Discovery and first models of the quadruply lensed quasar SDSS J1433+6007 journal November 2017
H0LiCOW – I. H0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: program overview journal February 2017
Galaxy Zoo: constraining the origin of spiral arms journal May 2018
AutoLens: automated modeling of a strong lens’s light, mass, and source journal May 2018
SHARP – V. Modelling gravitationally lensed radio arcs imaged with global VLBI observations journal May 2018
SEAGLE – I. A pipeline for simulating and modelling strong lenses from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations journal July 2018
Probing the nature of dark matter by forward modelling flux ratios in strong gravitational lenses journal August 2018
Evidence for radial variations in the stellar mass-to-light ratio of massive galaxies from weak and strong lensing journal August 2018
A gravitationally lensed quasar discovered in OGLE journal February 2018
Calibrated, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with variable IMFs – II. Correlations between the IMF and global galaxy properties journal October 2018
Total density profile of massive early-type galaxies in H  orizon -AGN simulation: impact of AGN feedback and comparison with observations journal December 2018
Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed highly star-forming galaxies detected by Herschel★ journal February 2018
LinKS: discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using convolutional neural networks journal January 2019
Assessing the effect of lens mass model in cosmological application with updated galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing sample journal July 2019
Mapping the dark matter halo of early-type galaxy NGC 2974 through orbit-based models with combined stellar and cold gas kinematics journal November 2019
Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG – I. Galaxy correlations and the impact of baryons journal November 2019
Strong lensing reveals jets in a sub-microJy radio-quiet quasar journal February 2019
Is it possible to reconcile extragalactic IMF variations with a universal Milky Way IMF? journal March 2019
The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-type Galaxies from Absorption Line Spectroscopy. III. Radial Gradients journal May 2017
The SLUGGS Survey: The Inner Dark Matter Density Slope of the Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1407 journal August 2018
The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216 journal May 2019
Radial Acceleration Relation between Baryons and Dark or Phantom Matter in the Supercritical Acceleration Regime of Nearly Spherical Galaxies journal May 2019
Model-independent Estimations for the Cosmic Curvature from the Latest Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems journal February 2020
SPACE WARPS- II. New gravitational lens candidates from the CFHTLS discovered through citizen science text January 2016
Luminous and Dark Matter Profiles from Galaxies to Clusters: Bridging the Gap with Group-scale Lenses preprint January 2015
Space Warps II. New Gravitational Lens Candidates from the CFHTLS Discovered through Citizen Science text January 2015
The population of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses in forthcoming optical imaging surveys text January 2015
Galaxy structure from multiple tracers: II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales text January 2016
Modelling and interpreting spectral energy distributions of galaxies with BEAGLE text January 2016
H0LiCOW I. $H_0$ Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: Program Overview text January 2016
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey - I. Survey Description and Preliminary Data Release text January 2016
Discovery and first models of the quadruply lensed quasar SDSS J1433+6007 text January 2017
Finding Strong Gravitational Lenses in the Kilo Degree Survey with Convolutional Neural Networks text January 2017
Finding strong lenses in CFHTLS using convolutional neural networks text January 2017
Modelling high resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed highly star forming galaxies detected by Herschel text January 2017
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks as strong gravitational lens detectors text January 2017
Probing the nature of dark matter by forward modeling flux ratios in strong gravitational lenses text January 2017
Evidence for radial variations in the stellar mass-to-light ratio of massive galaxies from weak and strong lensing text January 2018
A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Discovered in OGLE text January 2018
Total density profile of massive early-type galaxies in Horizon-AGN simulation: impact of AGN feedback and comparison with observations text January 2018
Calibrated, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with variable IMFs II: Correlations between the IMF and global galaxy properties text January 2018
SHARP - V. Modelling gravitationally-lensed radio arcs imaged with global VLBI observations text January 2018
Assessing the effect of lens mass model in cosmological application with updated galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing sample text January 2018
LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks text January 2018
The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216 text January 2019
Survey of gravitationally-lensed objects in HSC imaging (SuGOHI). III. Statistical strong lensing constraints on the stellar IMF of CMASS galaxies text January 2019
Mapping the dark matter halo of early-type galaxy NGC 2974 through orbit-based models with combined stellar and cold gas kinematics text January 2019
Model-independent Estimations for the Cosmic Curvature from the Latest Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems text January 2019
SPACE WARPS - I. Crowdsourcing the discovery of gravitational lenses text January 2016

Similar Records

THE SL2S GALAXY-SCALE LENS SAMPLE. V. DARK MATTER HALOS AND STELLAR IMF OF MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES OUT TO REDSHIFT 0.8
Journal Article · Fri Feb 20 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1336371
+4 more
THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES
Journal Article · Mon Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2010 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1336371
+2 more
THE SL2S GALAXY-SCALE LENS SAMPLE. II. COSMIC EVOLUTION OF DARK AND LUMINOUS MASS IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES
Journal Article · Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2011 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1336371
+3 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular
cD
galaxies: evolution
gravitational lensing: strong