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Title: A DECam search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational-wave event GW151226

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
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We report the results of a Dark Energy Camera (DECam) optical follow-up of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW151226, discovered by the Advanced LIGO detectors. Our observations cover 28.8 deg2 of the localization region in the i and z bands (containing 3% of the BAYESTAR localization probability), starting 10 hours after the event was announced and spanning four epochs at 2–24 days after the GW detection. We achieve 5σ point-source limiting magnitudes of i ≈ 21.7 and z ≈ 21.5 , with a scatter of 0.4 mag, in our difference images. Given the two day delay, we search this area for a rapidly declining optical counterpart with ≳3σ significance steady decline between the first and final observations. We recover four sources that pass our selection criteria, of which three are cataloged AGN. The fourth source is offset by 5.8 arcsec from the center of a galaxy at a distance of 187 Mpc, exhibits a rapid decline by 0.5 mag over 4 days, and has a red color of i–z ≈ 0.3 mag. These properties roughly match the expectations for a kilonova. However, this source was detected several times, starting 94 days prior to GW151226, in the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients (dubbed as PS15cdi) and is therefore unrelated to the GW event. Given its long-term behavior, PS15cdi is likely a Type IIP supernova that transitioned out of its plateau phase during our observations, mimicking a kilonova-like behavior. As a result, we comment on the implications of this detection for contamination in future optical follow-up observations.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
The DES Collaboration; DES Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-SF00515; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; SC0011726
OSTI ID:
1334303
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1334270; OSTI ID: 1454479; OSTI ID: 1602516
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-16-218-AE-PPD; arXiv:1606.04538
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online), Vol. 826, Issue 2; ISSN 2041-8213
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 31 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (21)

Kilonovae journal May 2017
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA journal April 2018
Observations of GW170817 by DESGW and the DECam GW-EM Collaboration journal October 2017
DESGW Optical Follow-up of BBH LIGO-Virgo Events with DECam journal October 2017
Cosmology with Gravitational Waves in DES and LSST journal October 2017
INTEGRAL IBIS, SPI, and JEM-X observations of LVT151012 journal July 2017
Deep and rapid observations of strong-lensing galaxy clusters within the sky localization of GW170814 journal March 2019
Astrometry and Occultation Predictions to Trans-Neptunian and Centaur Objects Observed within the Dark Energy Survey journal February 2019
Properties of Kilonovae from Dynamical and Post-merger Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers journal January 2018
A Case Study of On-the-fly Wide-field Radio Imaging Applied to the Gravitational Wave Event GW151226 journal April 2018
An Empirical Study of Contamination in Deep, Rapid, and Wide-field Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events journal April 2018
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera journal October 2017
A Search for Optical Emission from Binary Black Hole Merger GW170814 with the Dark Energy Camera journal March 2019
GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam journal August 2019
GROWTH on S190510g: DECam Observation Planning and Follow-up of a Distant Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate journal August 2019
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA text January 2020
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA other January 2020
INTEGRAL IBIS, SPI, and JEM-X observations of LVT151012 text January 2017
An Empirical Study of Contamination in Deep, Rapid, and Wide-Field Optical Follow-Up of Gravitational Wave Events text January 2017
A Case Study of On-the-Fly Wide-Field Radio Imaging Applied to the Gravitational-wave Event GW 151226 text January 2018
Astrometry and Occultation predictions to Trans-Neptunian and Centaur Objects observed within the Dark Energy Survey text January 2018

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