Linear models to perform treaty verification tasks for enhanced information security

MacGahan, Christopher J.; Kupinski, Matthew A.; Brubaker, Erik M.; Hilton, Nathan R.; Marleau, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.010

Title: Linear models to perform treaty verification tasks for enhanced information security

Full Record
Other Related Research

Abstract

Linear mathematical models were applied to binary-discrimination tasks relevant to arms control verification measurements in which a host party wishes to convince a monitoring party that an item is or is not treaty accountable. These models process data in list-mode format and can compensate for the presence of variability in the source, such as uncertain object orientation and location. The Hotelling observer applies an optimal set of weights to binned detector data, yielding a test statistic that is thresholded to make a decision. The channelized Hotelling observer applies a channelizing matrix to the vectorized data, resulting in a lower dimensional vector available to the monitor to make decisions. We demonstrate how incorporating additional terms in this channelizing-matrix optimization offers benefits for treaty verification. We present two methods to increase shared information and trust between the host and monitor. The first method penalizes individual channel performance in order to maximize the information available to the monitor while maintaining optimal performance. Second, we present a method that penalizes predefined sensitive information while maintaining the capability to discriminate between binary choices. Data used in this study was generated using Monte Carlo simulations for fission neutrons, accomplished with the GEANT4 toolkit. Custom models formore »« less

Authors:

MacGahan, Christopher J. ^[1]; Kupinski, Matthew A. ^[2]; Brubaker, Erik M. ^[3]; Hilton, Nathan R. ^[3]; Marleau, Peter A. ^[3]

The Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
The Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sat Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

OSTI Identifier:: 1333881

Report Number(s):: SAND-2016-11999J
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; PII: S0168900216311366; TRN: US1601877

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 844; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; arms control treaty verification; information barrier; discrimination algorithms; neutron imaging

Citation Formats


                    MacGahan, Christopher J., Kupinski, Matthew A., Brubaker, Erik M., Hilton, Nathan R., and Marleau, Peter A. Linear models to perform treaty verification tasks for enhanced information security.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.010.

Copy to clipboard


                    MacGahan, Christopher J., Kupinski, Matthew A., Brubaker, Erik M., Hilton, Nathan R., & Marleau, Peter A. Linear models to perform treaty verification tasks for enhanced information security.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.010

Copy to clipboard


                    MacGahan, Christopher J., Kupinski, Matthew A., Brubaker, Erik M., Hilton, Nathan R., and Marleau, Peter A. 2016.  
        "Linear models to perform treaty verification tasks for enhanced information security".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.010.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333881.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1333881,

  title        = {Linear models to perform treaty verification tasks for enhanced information security},

  author       = {MacGahan, Christopher J. and Kupinski, Matthew A. and Brubaker, Erik M. and Hilton, Nathan R. and Marleau, Peter A.},

  abstractNote = {Linear mathematical models were applied to binary-discrimination tasks relevant to arms control verification measurements in which a host party wishes to convince a monitoring party that an item is or is not treaty accountable. These models process data in list-mode format and can compensate for the presence of variability in the source, such as uncertain object orientation and location. The Hotelling observer applies an optimal set of weights to binned detector data, yielding a test statistic that is thresholded to make a decision. The channelized Hotelling observer applies a channelizing matrix to the vectorized data, resulting in a lower dimensional vector available to the monitor to make decisions. We demonstrate how incorporating additional terms in this channelizing-matrix optimization offers benefits for treaty verification. We present two methods to increase shared information and trust between the host and monitor. The first method penalizes individual channel performance in order to maximize the information available to the monitor while maintaining optimal performance. Second, we present a method that penalizes predefined sensitive information while maintaining the capability to discriminate between binary choices. Data used in this study was generated using Monte Carlo simulations for fission neutrons, accomplished with the GEANT4 toolkit. Custom models for plutonium inspection objects were measured in simulation by a radiation imaging system. Model performance was evaluated and presented using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.010},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1333881},
  journal      = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},

  issn         = {0168-9002},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 844,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Sat Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.010

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 2 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

How to insure that data acquired to verify treaty compliance are trustworthy

Journal Article Simmons, G - Proc. IEEE; (United States)

In a series of papers, this author has documented the evolution at the Sandia National Laboratories of a solution to the problem of how to make it possible for two mutually distrusting (and presumed deceitful) parties, the host and the monitor, to both trust a data acquisition system whose function it is to inform the monitor, and perhaps third parties, whether the host has or has not violated the terms of a treaty. They start by assuming that such a data acquisition system exists, and that the opportunities for deception which are the subject of this paper lie only inmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/5.4446
Mine seismicity and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Technical Report Chiappetta, F; Heuze, F; Walter, W; ...

Surface and underground mining operations generate seismic ground motions which are created by chemical explosions and ground failures. It may come as a surprise to some that the ground failures (coal bumps, first caves, pillar collapses, rockbursts, etc.) can send signals whose magnitudes are as strong or stronger than those from any mining blast. A verification system that includes seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionuclide sensors is being completed as part of the CTBT. The largest mine blasts and ground failures will be detected by this system and must be identified as distinct from signals generated by small nuclear explosions. Seismologistsmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/329501

Full Text Available
4D numerical observer for lesion detection in respiratory-gated PET

Journal Article Lorsakul, Auranuch; Li, Quanzheng; Ouyang, Jinsong; ... - Medical Physics

Purpose: Respiratory-gated positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography protocols reduce lesion smearing and improve lesion detection through a synchronized acquisition of emission data. However, an objective assessment of image quality of the improvement gained from respiratory-gated PET is mainly limited to a three-dimensional (3D) approach. This work proposes a 4D numerical observer that incorporates both spatial and temporal informations for detection tasks in pulmonary oncology. Methods: The authors propose a 4D numerical observer constructed with a 3D channelized Hotelling observer for the spatial domain followed by a Hotelling observer for the temporal domain. Realistic {sup 18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose activity distributions were simulated usingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4895975
CRITERIA FOR COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS OF TREATY VERIFICATION MONITORING SYSTEMS

Conference Waterworth, Angela; Benz, Jacob

In 2017, a team of subject matter experts from across the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory developed a framework to assess and compare monitoring systems implemented to support treaty verification. Drawing on principles and techniques from multi-criteria decision making, the project team developed a set of evaluation criteria to serve as a decision support tool to understand and evaluate competing options. These criteria, which focus on monitoring systems designed to maintain chain of custody, were developed to be unambiguous, independent from each other, collectively exhaustive, measurable (whether this is quantitative or by a systematic subjective evaluation) and tomore »« less
Lessons learned from the first US/Russian Federation joint tabletop exercise to prepare for conducting on-site inspections under the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Technical Report Filarowski, C; Kreek, S; Smith, A; ...

A U.S./Russian Federation Joint Tabletop Exercise took place in Snezhinsk, Russia, from 19 to 24 October 1998 whose objectives were to examine the functioning of an Inspection Team (IT) in a given scenario, to evaluate the strategies and techniques employed by the IT, to identify ambiguous interpretations of treaty provisions that needed clarification, and to confirm the overall utility of tabletop exercises to assist in developing an effective Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. To achieve these objectives, the United States and Russian Federation (RF) agreed that two exercises would be conducted. The first would be developed by themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/14147

Full Text Available

Similar Records