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Title: Type II supernova energetics and comparison of light curves to shock-cooling models

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  2. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  3. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  4. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  5. Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  6. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  7. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  8. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  9. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  10. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  11. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States)
  12. Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
  13. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA (United States)
  14. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
  15. Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
  16. San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA (United States)
  17. San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA (United States); Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan)
  18. San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA (United States); The Univ. of Tokyo, Chiba (Japan)
  19. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom); Max-Planck Institut fur Astrophysik, Garching (Germany)
  20. INAF, Institute of Space Astrophysics and Cosmic Physics, Bologna (Italy); Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (Italy)
  21. Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik, Garching (Germany); Technische Univ. Munchen, Garching (Germany)
  22. National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  23. Univ. of Southampton, Southampton (United Kingdom)
  24. ESO, Garching (Germany)
  25. Univ. of Belgrade (Serbia)
+ Show Author Affiliations

© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. During the first few days after explosion, Type II supernovae (SNe) are dominated by relatively simple physics. Theoretical predictions regarding early-time SN light curves in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical bands are thus quite robust. We present, for the first time, a sample of 57 R-band SN II light curves that are well-monitored during their rise, with detections during the first 10 days after discovery, and a well-constrained time of explosion to within 1-3 days. We show that the energy per unit mass (E/M) can be deduced to roughly a factor of five by comparing early-time optical data to the 2011 model of Rabinak & Waxman, while the progenitor radius cannot be determined based on R-band data alone. We find that SN II explosion energies span a range of E/M = (0.2-20) ×10 51 erg/(10 ), and have a mean energy per unit mass of erg/(10 ), corrected for Malmquist bias. Assuming a small spread in progenitor masses, this indicates a large intrinsic diversity in explosion energy. Moreover, E/M is positively correlated with the amount of 56 Ni produced in the explosion, as predicted by some recent models of core-collapse SNe. We further present several empirical correlations. The peak magnitude is correlated with the decline rate (), the decline rate is weakly correlated with the rise time, and the rise time is not significantly correlated with the peak magnitude. Faster declining SNe are more luminous and have longer rise times. This limits the possible power sources for such events.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1329881
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1393036
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-15-25032
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 820, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 54 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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THE TYPE IIP SUPERNOVA 2012aw IN M95: HYDRODYNAMICAL MODELING OF THE PHOTOSPHERIC PHASE FROM ACCURATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MONITORING text January 2014
SN 2012ec: mass of the progenitor from PESSTO follow-up of the photospheric phase text January 2015
SN 2009N: linking normal and subluminous Type II-P SNe text January 2014
Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum text January 2007
An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova text January 2008
Supernova Shock Breakout from a Red Supergiant text January 2008
The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae text January 2008
The Palomar Transient Factory: System Overview, Performance and First Results text January 2009
The early UV/Optical emission from core-collapse supernovae text January 2010
Early supernovae light-curves following the shock-breakout text January 2010
Real-Time Detection and Rapid Multiwavelength Follow-up Observations of a Highly Subluminous Type II-P Supernova from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey text January 2011
SN 2009E: a faint clone of SN 1987A text January 2011
Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP) Observations of Type II Supernovae: Evidence for Three Distinct Photometric Subtypes text January 2012
BVRI lightcurves of supernovae SN 2011fe in M101, SN 2012aw in M95, and SN 2012cg in NGC 4424 text January 2012
Science with a wide-field UV transient explorer text January 2013
The very energetic, broad-lined type Ic Supernova 2010ah (PTF10bzf) in the context of GRB/SNe text January 2013
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network text January 2013
Comparison of progenitor mass estimates for the type IIP SN 2012A text January 2013
Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type II-P Supernovae text January 2014
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Cited By (27)

Confined dense circumstellar material surrounding a regular type II supernova journal February 2017
New regimes in the observation of core-collapse supernovae journal August 2019
The extraplanar type II supernova ASASSN-14jb in the nearby edge-on galaxy ESO 467-G051 journal September 2019
SN 2016X: a type II-P supernova with a signature of shock breakout from explosion of a massive red supergiant journal January 2018
SN 2016esw: a luminous Type II supernova observed within the first day after the explosion journal May 2018
Type II supernovae in low-luminosity host galaxies journal June 2018
The fast, luminous ultraviolet transient AT2018cow: extreme supernova, or disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole? journal December 2018
Observed Type II supernova colours from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I journal February 2018
Comparison of the optical light curves of hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-poor type II supernovae journal July 2019
Spectrophotometric templates for core-collapse supernovae and their application in simulations of time-domain surveys journal September 2019
The volumetric rate of normal type Ia supernovae in the local Universe discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory journal March 2019
Energetics and Birth Rates of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud journal March 2017
Exploring the Efficacy and Limitations of Shock-cooling Models: New Analysis of Type II Supernovae Observed by the Kepler Mission journal October 2017
iPTF 16asu: A Luminous, Rapidly Evolving, and High-velocity Supernova journal December 2017
The Early Detection and Follow-up of the Highly Obscured Type II Supernova 2016ija/DLT16am journal January 2018
Measuring the Progenitor Masses and Dense Circumstellar Material of Type II Supernovae journal April 2018
Light Curves of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory journal June 2018
Rapid “Turn-on” of Type-1 AGN in a Quiescent Early-type Galaxy SDSS1115+0544 journal March 2019
KSP-SN-2016kf: A Long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with Unusually High 56 Ni Mass Discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program journal August 2019
Type II Supernova Light Curves and Spectra from the CfA journal November 2017
Bright Type IIP Supernovae in Low-metallicity Galaxies journal January 2019
The Early Detection and Follow-up of the Highly Obscured Type II Supernova 2016ija/DLT16am text January 2018
Observed Type II supernova colours from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I text January 2018
SN 2016esw: a luminous Type II supernova observed within the first day after the explosion text January 2018
The Fast, Luminous Ultraviolet Transient AT2018cow: Extreme Supernova, or Disruption of a Star by an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole? text January 2018
Bright Type IIP Supernovae in Low-Metallicity Galaxies text January 2018
KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high $^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program text January 2019

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