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Title: Flash Spectroscopy: Emission Lines from the Ionized Circumstellar Material Around <10-Day-Old Type II Supernovae

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics. Faculty of Physics
  2. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Astronomy Dept.
  3. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  4. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). The Oskar Klein Centre. Dept. of Astronomy
  5. Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
  6. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  7. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Computational Research Division
  8. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
  9. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astrophysics Science Division
  10. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  11. Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States). Inst. for Astronomy
  12. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Spitzer Science Center
  13. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
  14. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  15. National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Supernovae (SNe) embedded in dense circumstellar material (CSM) may show prominent emission lines in their early-time spectra (≤10 days after the explosion), owing to recombination of the CSM ionized by the shock-breakout flash. From such spectra ("flash spectroscopy"), we can measure various physical properties of the CSM, as well as the mass-loss rate of the progenitor during the year prior to its explosion. Searching through the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF and iPTF) SN spectroscopy databases from 2009 through 2014, we found 12 SNe II showing flash-ionized (FI) signatures in their first spectra. All are younger than 10 days. These events constitute 14% of all 84 SNe in our sample having a spectrum within 10 days from explosion, and 18% of SNe II observed at ages < 5 days, thereby setting lower limits on the fraction of FI events. We classified as "blue/featureless" (BF) those events having a first spectrum that is similar to that of a blackbody, without any emission or absorption signatures. It is possible that some BF events had FI signatures at an earlier phase than observed, or that they lack dense CSM around the progenitor. Within 2 days after explosion, 8 out of 11 SNe in our sample are either BF events or show FI signatures. Interestingly, we found that 19 out of 21 SNe brighter than an absolute magnitude M R = -18.2 belong to the FI or BF groups, and that all FI events peaked above M R = -17.6 mag, significantly brighter than average SNe II.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); European Commission (EC); USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Contributing Organization:
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden); Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom); Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396; AST-1302771; AST-1211916; 307260; 615929; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1329868
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1393026
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-15-24643
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 818, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 99 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Massive runaway and walkaway stars: A study of the kinematical imprints of the physical processes governing the evolution and explosion of their binary progenitors⋆ journal April 2019
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The extraplanar type II supernova ASASSN-14jb in the nearby edge-on galaxy ESO 467-G051 journal September 2019
The diverse lives of progenitors of hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae: the role of binary interaction journal October 2019
Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics and Fast Transients journal April 2019
SN 2016esw: a luminous Type II supernova observed within the first day after the explosion journal May 2018
Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey journal August 2018
The dusty progenitor star of the Type II supernova 2017eaw journal September 2018
The physics of flash (supernova) spectroscopy journal December 2018
The fast, luminous ultraviolet transient AT2018cow: extreme supernova, or disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole? journal December 2018
Observed Type II supernova colours from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I journal February 2018
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The Berkeley sample of Type II supernovae: BVRI light curves and spectroscopy of 55 SNe II journal September 2019
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The Early Detection and Follow-up of the Highly Obscured Type II Supernova 2016ija/DLT16am text January 2018
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Observed Type II supernova colours from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I text January 2018
Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey text January 2018
SN 2016esw: a luminous Type II supernova observed within the first day after the explosion text January 2018
The Dusty Progenitor Star of the Type II Supernova 2017eaw text January 2018
The Physics of Flash (Supernova) Spectroscopy text January 2018
The Fast, Luminous Ultraviolet Transient AT2018cow: Extreme Supernova, or Disruption of a Star by an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole? text January 2018
A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary text January 2018
Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics & Fast Transients text January 2018
The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results text January 2019
Probing the Final-stage Progenitor Evolution for Type IIP Supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946 text January 2019
The Type II-Plateau Supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946 and Its Red Supergiant Progenitor text January 2019
KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high $^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program text January 2019
Origins of Type Ibn SNe 2006jc/2015G in interacting binaries and implications for pre-SN eruptions text January 2019
The Berkeley sample of Type II supernovae: BVRI light curves and spectroscopy of 55 SNe II text January 2019
Massive Runaway and Walkaway Stars: A study of the kinematical imprints of the physical processes governing the evolution and explosion of their binary progenitor text January 2019

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Supernovae