Atomic-scale diffractive imaging of sub-cycle electron dynamics in condensed matter

Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Stockman, Mark I.; Krausz, Ferenc; Baum, Peter

doi:10.1038/srep14581

Title: Atomic-scale diffractive imaging of sub-cycle electron dynamics in condensed matter

Journal Article · Mon Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14581· OSTI ID:1324962

Yakovlev, Vladislav S. ^[1]; Stockman, Mark I. ^[2]; Krausz, Ferenc ^[3]; Baum, Peter ^[3]

Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States); Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Garching (Germany)
Georgia State Univ. Atlanta, GA (United States)
Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Garching (Germany); Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. Munchen, Garching (Germany)

For interaction of light with condensed-matter systems, we show with simulations that ultrafast electron and X-ray diffraction can provide a time-dependent record of charge-density maps with sub-cycle and atomic-scale resolutions. Using graphene as an example material, we predict that diffraction can reveal localised atomic-scale origins of optical and electronic phenomena. Here, we point out nontrivial relations between microscopic electric current and density in undoped graphene.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-01ER15213; FG02-11ER46789

OSTI ID:: 1324962

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 5; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 34 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (65)

Third-generation femtosecond technology Fattahi, Hanieh; Barros, Helena G.; Gorjan, Martin Optica, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.1.000045	journal	January 2014
Quantum nonlinear optics — photon by photon Chang, Darrick E.; Vuletić, Vladan; Lukin, Mikhail D. Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.192	journal	August 2014
Attractive photons in a quantum nonlinear medium Firstenberg, Ofer; Peyronel, Thibault; Liang, Qi-Yu Nature, Vol. 502, Issue 7469 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12512	journal	September 2013
Ultrafast electron dynamics in phenylalanine initiated by attosecond pulses Calegari, F.; Ayuso, D.; Trabattoni, A. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6207 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254061	journal	October 2014
Microscopy and its focal switch Hell, Stefan W. Nature Methods, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1291	journal	December 2008
Seeing a single molecule vibrate through time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering Yampolsky, Steven; Fishman, Dmitry A.; Dey, Shirshendu Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.143	journal	July 2014
Broadband high-resolution X-ray frequency combs Cavaletto, Stefano M.; Harman, Zoltán; Ott, Christian Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.113	journal	June 2014
Terahertz laser frequency combs Burghoff, David; Kao, Tsung-Yu; Han, Ningren Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.85	journal	May 2014
Attosecond metrology: from electron capture to future signal processing Krausz, Ferenc; Stockman, Mark I. Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.28	journal	February 2014
New CMOS-compatible platforms based on silicon nitride and Hydex for nonlinear optics Moss, David J.; Morandotti, Roberto; Gaeta, Alexander L. Nature Photonics, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.183	journal	July 2013
Optical-field-induced current in dielectrics Schiffrin, Agustin; Paasch-Colberg, Tim; Karpowicz, Nicholas Nature, Vol. 493, Issue 7430 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11567	journal	December 2012
Controlling dielectrics with the electric field of light Schultze, Martin; Bothschafter, Elisabeth M.; Sommer, Annkatrin Nature, Vol. 493, Issue 7430 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11720	journal	December 2012
Ab Initio Simulation of Electrical Currents Induced by Ultrafast Laser Excitation of Dielectric Materials Wachter, Georg; Lemell, Christoph; Burgdörfer, Joachim Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.087401	journal	August 2014
The electronic properties of graphene Castro Neto, A. H.; Guinea, F.; Peres, N. M. R. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 1, p. 109-162 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109	journal	January 2009
4D Visualization of Transitional Structures in Phase Transformations by Electron Diffraction Baum, P.; Yang, D. -S.; Zewail, A. H. Science, Vol. 318, Issue 5851 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1147724	journal	November 2007
Imaging electronic quantum motion with light Dixit, G.; Vendrell, O.; Santra, R. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202226109	journal	July 2012
Role of electron-electron interference in ultrafast time-resolved imaging of electronic wavepackets Dixit, Gopal; Santra, Robin The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 138, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4798321	journal	April 2013
Time-resolved ultrafast electron ( $e, 2 e$ ) momentum spectroscopy Shao, Hua-Chieh; Starace, Anthony F. Physical Review A, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.050701	journal	May 2013
X-ray imaging of chemically active valence electrons during a pericyclic reaction Bredtmann, Timm; Ivanov, Misha; Dixit, Gopal Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6589	journal	November 2014
Electron Transfer in a Virtual Quantum State of ${LiBH}_{4}$ Induced by Strong Optical Fields and Mapped by Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction Stingl, J.; Zamponi, F.; Freyer, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.147402	journal	October 2012
Perspective: Structural dynamics in condensed matter mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction Elsaesser, T.; Woerner, M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 140, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4855115	journal	January 2014
Graphene in ultrafast and superstrong laser fields Kelardeh, Hamed Koochaki; Apalkov, Vadym; Stockman, Mark I. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.045439	journal	January 2015
Response of graphene to femtosecond high-intensity laser irradiation Roberts, Adam; Cormode, Daniel; Reynolds, Collin Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3623760	journal	August 2011
High-energy, phase-stable, ultrabroadband kHz OPCPA at 21 μm pumped by a picosecond cryogenic Yb:YAG laser Hong, Kyung-Han; Huang, Shu-Wei; Moses, Jeffrey Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.015538	journal	January 2011
Femtosecond Population Inversion and Stimulated Emission of Dense Dirac Fermions in Graphene Li, T.; Luo, L.; Hupalo, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.167401	journal	April 2012
Measuring the temporal structure of few-femtosecond free-electron laser X-ray pulses directly in the time domain Helml, W.; Maier, A. R.; Schweinberger, W. Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.278	journal	November 2014
Ultra-fast and ultra-intense x-ray sciences: first results from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser Bostedt, C.; Bozek, J. D.; Bucksbaum, P. H. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/46/16/164003	journal	August 2013
Femtosecond X-ray Pulses at 0.4 A Generated by 90 Thomson Scattering: A Tool for Probing the Structural Dynamics of Materials Schoenlein, R. W.; Leemans, W. P.; Chin, A. H. Science, Vol. 274, Issue 5285 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5285.236	journal	October 1996
Single-molecule electron diffraction imaging with charge replacement Fill, E. E.; Krausz, F.; Raizen, M. G. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/9/093015	journal	September 2008
4D electron imaging: principles and perspectives Shorokhov, Dmitry; Zewail, Ahmed H. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/b801626g	journal	January 2008
Femtosecond electron diffraction: heralding the era of atomically resolved dynamics Sciaini, Germán; Miller, R. J. Dwayne Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 74, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/74/9/096101	journal	August 2011
Compression of Subrelativistic Space-Charge-Dominated Electron Bunches for Single-Shot Femtosecond Electron Diffraction van Oudheusden, T.; Pasmans, P. L. E. M.; van der Geer, S. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.264801	journal	December 2010
Mapping molecular motions leading to charge delocalization with ultrabright electrons Gao, Meng; Lu, Cheng; Jean-Ruel, Hubert Nature, Vol. 496, Issue 7445 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12044	journal	April 2013
Hybrid dc–ac electron gun for fs-electron pulse generation Veisz, L.; Kurkin, G.; Chernov, K. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/12/451	journal	December 2007
Towards ultimate temporal and spatial resolutions with ultrafast single-electron diffraction Baum, Peter Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/47/12/124005	journal	June 2014
Quantum coherent optical phase modulation in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope Feist, Armin; Echternkamp, Katharina E.; Schauss, Jakob Nature, Vol. 521, Issue 7551 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14463	journal	May 2015
Femtosecond single-electron diffraction Lahme, S.; Kealhofer, C.; Krausz, F. Structural Dynamics, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4884937	journal	May 2014
Structural dynamics of nanoscale gold by ultrafast electron crystallography Schäfer, Sascha; Liang, Wenxi; Zewail, Ahmed H. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 515, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.09.042	journal	October 2011
Coherent and Incoherent Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphite Observed with Radio-Frequency Compressed Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Chatelain, Robert P.; Morrison, Vance R.; Klarenaar, Bart L. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.235502	journal	December 2014
Direct observation of d-orbital holes and Cu–Cu bonding in Cu2O Zuo, J. M.; Kim, M.; O'Keeffe, M. Nature, Vol. 401, Issue 6748 https://doi.org/10.1038/43403	journal	September 1999
Measurements of electron densities in solids: a real-space view of electronic structure and bonding in inorganic crystals Zuo, J. M. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 67, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/67/11/R03	journal	October 2004
The interplay between structure and orbitals in the chemical bonding of graphite Carbone, Fabrizio Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 496, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2010.07.074	journal	August 2010
Snapshots of cooperative atomic motions in the optical suppression of charge density waves Eichberger, Maximilian; Schäfer, Hanjo; Krumova, Marina Nature, Vol. 468, Issue 7325 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09539	journal	November 2010
Snapshots of the retarded interaction of charge carriers with ultrafast fluctuations in cuprates Dal Conte, S.; Vidmar, L.; Golež, D. Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3265	journal	March 2015
Ab Initio $G W$ Many-Body Effects in Graphene Trevisanutto, Paolo E.; Giorgetti, Christine; Reining, Lucia Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.226405	journal	November 2008
First Direct Observation of a Nearly Ideal Graphene Band Structure Sprinkle, M.; Siegel, D.; Hu, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.226803	journal	November 2009
Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations Monkhorst, Hendrik J.; Pack, James D. Physical Review B, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 5188-5192 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188	journal	June 1976
On the exponential solution of differential equations for a linear operator Magnus, Wilhelm Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/cpa.3160070404	journal	November 1954
A pedagogical approach to the Magnus expansion Blanes, S.; Casas, F.; Oteo, J. A. European Journal of Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/31/4/020	journal	June 2010
Expokit: a software package for computing matrix exponentials Sidje, Roger B. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/285861.285868	journal	March 1998
Relativistic separable dual-space Gaussian pseudopotentials from H to Rn Hartwigsen, C.; Goedecker, S.; Hutter, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.58.3641	journal	August 1998
Dark-field transmission electron microscopy and the Debye-Waller factor of graphene Shevitski, Brian; Mecklenburg, Matthew; Hubbard, William A. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.045417	journal	January 2013
Imaging electronic motions in atoms by energy-resolved ultrafast electron diffraction Shao, Hua-Chieh; Starace, Anthony F. Physical Review A, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032710	journal	September 2014
Concerted electron and proton transfer in ionic crystals mapped by femtosecond x-ray powder diffraction Woerner, Michael; Zamponi, Flavio; Ansari, Zunaira The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 133, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3469779	journal	August 2010
Coherence of femtosecond single electrons exceeds biomolecular dimensions Kirchner, F. O.; Lahme, S.; Krausz, F. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/6/063021	journal	June 2013
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of hot optical phonons in graphene Wang, Haining; Strait, Jared H.; George, Paul A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3291615	journal	February 2010
Femtosecond X-ray diffraction maps field-driven charge dynamics in ionic crystals Woerner, Michael; Holtz, Marcel; Juvé, Vincent Faraday Discuss., Vol. 171 https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00026a	journal	January 2014
Detecting Electron Motion in Atoms and Molecules Shao, Hua-Chieh; Starace, Anthony F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.105.263201	journal	December 2010
Beam by design: Laser manipulation of electrons in modern accelerators Hemsing, Erik; Stupakov, Gennady; Xiang, Dao Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.86.897	journal	July 2014
Single-molecule electron diffraction imaging with charge replacement Fill, E. E.; Krausz, F.; Raizen, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0807.0346	text	January 2008
First direct observation of a nearly ideal graphene band structure Sprinkle, M.; Siegel, D.; Hu, Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0907.5222	text	January 2009
Compression of sub-relativistic space-charge-dominated electron bunches for single-shot femtosecond electron diffraction van Oudheusden, T.; Pasmans, P. L. E. M.; van der Geer, S. B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1006.2041	text	January 2010
Femtosecond Population Inversion and Stimulated Emission of Dense Dirac Fermions in Graphene Li, T.; Luo, L.; Hupalo, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1112.2204	text	January 2011
Imaging electronic quantum motion with light Dixit, Gopal; Vendrell, Oriol; Santra, Robin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1207.4565	text	January 2012
Ab Initio Simulation of Electrical Currents Induced by Ultrafast Laser Excitation of Dielectric Materials Wachter, Georg; Lemell, Christoph; Burgdörfer, Joachim arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1401.4357	text	January 2014

Cited By (17)

High-temporal-resolution electron microscopy for imaging ultrafast electron dynamics Hassan, M. Th.; Baskin, J. S.; Liao, B. Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.79	journal	May 2017
Diffraction and microscopy with attosecond electron pulse trains Morimoto, Yuya; Baum, Peter Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0007-6	journal	November 2017
Ultrafast electron crystallography of the cooperative reaction path in vanadium dioxide Yang, Ding-Shyue; Baum, Peter; Zewail, Ahmed H. Structural Dynamics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953370	journal	May 2016
Design and implementation of an optimal laser pulse front tilting scheme for ultrafast electron diffraction in reflection geometry with high temporal resolution Pennacchio, Francesco; Vanacore, Giovanni M.; Mancini, Giulia F. Structural Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991483	journal	July 2017
Attomicroscopy: from femtosecond to attosecond electron microscopy Hassan, Mohammed Th Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aaa183	journal	January 2018
Attosecond physics at the nanoscale Ciappina, M. F.; Pérez-Hernández, J. A.; Landsman, A. S. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa574e	journal	March 2017
Terahertz Compression of Electron Pulses at a Planar Mirror Membrane Ehberger, Dominik; Mohler, Kathrin J.; Vasileiadis, Thomas Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.11.024034	journal	February 2019
Tilted Electron Pulses Ehberger, Dominik; Ryabov, Andrey; Baum, Peter Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.094801	journal	August 2018
All-optical control and metrology of electron pulses Kealhofer, C.; Schneider, W.; Ehberger, D. Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6284 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aae0003	journal	April 2016
Compression of picosecond pulses from a thin-disk laser to 30fs at 4W average power Chen, Bo-Han; Kretschmar, Martin; Ehberger, Dominik Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.003861	journal	January 2018
Octave-spanning single-cycle middle-infrared generation through optical parametric amplification in LiGaS ₂ Chen, Bo-Han; Wittmann, Emanuel; Morimoto, Yuya Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.021306	journal	January 2019
Second-harmonic generation and self-phase modulation of few-cycle mid-infrared pulses Chen, Bo-Han; Hofer, Christina; Pupeza, Ioachim Optics Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.004079	journal	January 2019
Ultrashort Free-Electron Laser X-ray Pulses Helml, Wolfram; Grguraš, Ivanka; Juranić, Pavle Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/app7090915	journal	September 2017
Ultrashort Free-Electron Laser X-ray Pulses Helml, Wolfram; Grguraš, Ivanka; Juranic, Pavle Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2018-00272	text	January 2017
Attosecond physics at the nanoscale Ciappina, M. F.; Pérez-Hernández, J. A.; Landsman, A. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.01480	text	January 2016
Attomicroscopy: from Femtosecond to Attosecond Electron Microscopy Hassan, Mohammed Th. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.04350	text	January 2018
Theoretical Atto-nano Physics Ciappina, Marcelo F.; Lewenstein, Maciej arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.00017	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Future of Electron Scattering and Diffraction

Program Document · Tue Feb 25 00:00:00 EST 2014 · OSTI ID:1324962

Hall, Ernest; Stemmer, Susanne; Zheng, Haimei; +2 more

Atomic Resolution Coherent Diffractive Imaging and Ultrafast Science

Multimedia · Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2011 · OSTI ID:1324962

Zuo, Jian-min

Ultrafast valley polarization in bilayer graphene

Journal Article · Wed Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1324962

Kumar, Pardeep; Herath, Thakshila M.; Apalkov, Vadym

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
optical properties and devices
ultrafast photonics

Title: Atomic-scale diffractive imaging of sub-cycle electron dynamics in condensed matter

Citation Formats

References (65)

Cited By (17)

Similar Records

Related Subjects