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Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography

Journal Article · · Nature Communications
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14485· OSTI ID:1323885
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [2];  [2]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Computing Research
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  3. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD (United States)

Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably. Quantum error correction can protect against general noise if—and only if—the error in each physical qubit operation is smaller than a certain threshold. The threshold for general errors is quantified by their diamond norm. Until now, qubits have been assessed primarily by randomized benchmarking, which reports a different error rate that is not sensitive to all errors, and cannot be compared directly to diamond norm thresholds. Finally, we use gate set tomography to completely characterize operations on a trapped-Yb+-ion qubit and demonstrate with greater than 95% confidence that they satisfy a rigorous threshold for FTQEC (diamond norm ≤6.7 × 10-4).

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) (United States)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000
OSTI ID:
1323885
Report Number(s):
SAND--2016-4951J; 640732
Journal Information:
Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Vol. 8; ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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  • Sanders, Yuval R.; Wallman, Joel J.; Sanders, Barry C.
  • Institute of Physics (IOP),Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG) https://doi.org/10.5446/38845
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Experimental neural network enhanced quantum tomography journal February 2020
Demonstration of Universal Parametric Entangling Gates on a Multi-Qubit Lattice text January 2017
Semi-device-dependent blind quantum tomography preprint January 2020
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Logical Randomized Benchmarking preprint January 2017
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Joint quantum-state and measurement tomography with incomplete measurements journal October 2018
Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices journal July 2019
Geometric structure of quantum correlators via semidefinite programming journal May 2019
Spectral quantum tomography journal September 2019
Trapped-ion quantum computing: Progress and challenges journal June 2019
Experimental quantum verification in the presence of temporally correlated noise journal February 2018
Modeling Quantum Devices and the Reconstruction of Physics in Practical Systems journal October 2019
Averaged Circuit Eigenvalue Sampling text January 2022
Direct randomized benchmarking for multi-qubit devices text January 2018
Restless Tuneup of High-Fidelity Qubit Gates journal April 2017
Experimental neural network enhanced quantum tomography text January 2019
Error-mitigated quantum gates exceeding physical fidelities in a trapped-ion system journal January 2020
Demonstration of a Parametrically-Activated Entangling Gate Protected from Flux Noise text January 2019
Assessment of a Silicon Quantum Dot Spin Qubit Environment via Noise Spectroscopy journal October 2018
Data-driven inference of physical devices: theory and implementation journal November 2019
Quantum process tomography via completely positive and trace-preserving projection journal December 2018
Error-Mitigated Quantum Gates Exceeding Physical Fidelities in a Trapped-Ion System text January 2019
On the freedom in representing quantum operations text January 2018
Characterizing large-scale quantum computers via cycle benchmarking text January 2019
Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits text January 2018
Density-matrix simulation of small surface codes under current and projected experimental noise text January 2017
Performance of quantum error correction with coherent errors text January 2018
Demonstration of a parametrically activated entangling gate protected from flux noise journal January 2020