Prolonged experimental drought reduces plant hydraulic conductance and transpiration and increases mortality in a piñon–juniper woodland

Pangle, Robert E.; Limousin, Jean‐Marc; Plaut, Jennifer A.; Yepez, Enrico A.; Hudson, Patrick J.; Boutz, Amanda L.; Gehres, Nathan; Pockman, William T.; McDowell, Nate G.

doi:10.1002/ece3.1422

Title: Prolonged experimental drought reduces plant hydraulic conductance and transpiration and increases mortality in a piñon–juniper woodland

Journal Article · Mon Mar 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Ecology and Evolution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1422· OSTI ID:1295966

Pangle, Robert E. ^[1]; Limousin, Jean‐Marc ^[2]; Plaut, Jennifer A. ^[1]; Yepez, Enrico A. ^[3]; Hudson, Patrick J. ^[1]; Boutz, Amanda L. ^[1]; Gehres, Nathan ^[1]; Pockman, William T. ^[1]; McDowell, Nate G. ^[4]

Department of Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131‐0001
Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR5175 CNRS Université de Montpellier Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE 1919 Route de Mende Montpellier Cedex 5 34293 France
Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y del Medio Ambiente Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Ciudad Obregón Sonora 85000 Mexico
Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545

Abstract Plant hydraulic conductance ( k _s ) is a critical control on whole‐plant water use and carbon uptake and, during drought, influences whether plants survive or die. To assess long‐term physiological and hydraulic responses of mature trees to water availability, we manipulated ecosystem‐scale water availability from 2007 to 2013 in a piñon pine ( Pinus edulis ) and juniper ( Juniperus monosperma ) woodland. We examined the relationship between k _s and subsequent mortality using more than 5 years of physiological observations, and the subsequent impact of reduced hydraulic function and mortality on total woody canopy transpiration ( E _C ) and conductance ( G _C ). For both species, we observed significant reductions in plant transpiration ( E ) and k _s under experimentally imposed drought. Conversely, supplemental water additions increased E and k _s in both species. Interestingly, both species exhibited similar declines in k _s under the imposed drought conditions, despite their differing stomatal responses and mortality patterns during drought. Reduced whole‐plant k _s also reduced carbon assimilation in both species, as leaf‐level stomatal conductance ( g _s ) and net photosynthesis ( A _n ) declined strongly with decreasing k _s . Finally, we observed that chronically low whole‐plant k _s was associated with greater canopy dieback and mortality for both piñon and juniper and that subsequent reductions in woody canopy biomass due to mortality had a significant impact on both daily and annual canopy E _C and G _C . Our data indicate that significant reductions in k _s precede drought‐related tree mortality events in this system, and the consequence is a significant reduction in canopy gas exchange and carbon fixation. Our results suggest that reductions in productivity and woody plant cover in piñon–juniper woodlands can be expected due to reduced plant hydraulic conductance and increased mortality of both piñon pine and juniper under anticipated future conditions of more frequent and persistent regional drought in the southwestern United States.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1295966

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1212470; OSTI ID: 1295967

Journal Information:: Ecology and Evolution, Journal Name: Ecology and Evolution Vol. 5 Journal Issue: 8; ISSN 2045-7758

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Cited by: 50 works

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Title: Prolonged experimental drought reduces plant hydraulic conductance and transpiration and increases mortality in a piñon–juniper woodland

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