Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance
Abstract
Safe and powerful energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important. Charging times of seconds to minutes, with power densities exceeding those of batteries, can in principle be provided by electrochemical capacitors—in particular, pseudocapacitors. Recent research has focused mainly on improving the gravimetric performance of the electrodes of such systems, but for portable electronics and vehicles volume is at a premium. The best volumetric capacitances of carbon-based electrodes are around 300 farads per cubic centimetre; hydrated ruthenium oxide can reach capacitances of 1,000 to 1,500 farads per cubic centimetre with great cyclability, but only in thin films. Recently, electrodes made of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti 3C 2, a member of the ‘MXene’ family), produced by etching aluminium from titanium aluminium carbide (Ti 3AlC 2, a ‘MAX’ phase) in concentrated hydrofluoric acid, have been shown to have volumetric capacitances of over 300 farads per cubic centimetre. In this paper, we report a method of producing this material using a solution of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The resulting hydrophilic material swells in volume when hydrated, and can be shaped like clay and dried into a highly conductive solid or rolled into films tens of micrometres thick. Additive-free films of this titanium carbidemore »
- Authors:
-
- Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States). Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1286827
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 516; Journal Issue: 7529; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; Batteries; Two-dimensional materials Design; synthesis and processing
Citation Formats
Ghidiu, Michael, Lukatskaya, Maria R., Zhao, Meng-Qiang, Gogotsi, Yury G., and Barsoum, Michel W. Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1038/nature13970.
Ghidiu, Michael, Lukatskaya, Maria R., Zhao, Meng-Qiang, Gogotsi, Yury G., & Barsoum, Michel W. Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13970
Ghidiu, Michael, Lukatskaya, Maria R., Zhao, Meng-Qiang, Gogotsi, Yury G., and Barsoum, Michel W. Wed .
"Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13970. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1286827.
@article{osti_1286827,
title = {Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance},
author = {Ghidiu, Michael and Lukatskaya, Maria R. and Zhao, Meng-Qiang and Gogotsi, Yury G. and Barsoum, Michel W.},
abstractNote = {Safe and powerful energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important. Charging times of seconds to minutes, with power densities exceeding those of batteries, can in principle be provided by electrochemical capacitors—in particular, pseudocapacitors. Recent research has focused mainly on improving the gravimetric performance of the electrodes of such systems, but for portable electronics and vehicles volume is at a premium. The best volumetric capacitances of carbon-based electrodes are around 300 farads per cubic centimetre; hydrated ruthenium oxide can reach capacitances of 1,000 to 1,500 farads per cubic centimetre with great cyclability, but only in thin films. Recently, electrodes made of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2, a member of the ‘MXene’ family), produced by etching aluminium from titanium aluminium carbide (Ti3AlC2, a ‘MAX’ phase) in concentrated hydrofluoric acid, have been shown to have volumetric capacitances of over 300 farads per cubic centimetre. In this paper, we report a method of producing this material using a solution of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The resulting hydrophilic material swells in volume when hydrated, and can be shaped like clay and dried into a highly conductive solid or rolled into films tens of micrometres thick. Additive-free films of this titanium carbide ‘clay’ have volumetric capacitances of up to 900 farads per cubic centimetre, with excellent cyclability and rate performances. In addition, this capacitance is almost twice that of our previous report, and our synthetic method also offers a much faster route to film production as well as the avoidance of handling hazardous concentrated hydrofluoric acid.},
doi = {10.1038/nature13970},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1286827},
journal = {Nature (London)},
issn = {0028-0836},
number = 7529,
volume = 516,
place = {United States},
year = {2014},
month = {11}
}
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Black Phosphorus Quantum Dot/Ti 3 C 2 MXene Nanosheet Composites for Efficient Electrochemical Lithium/Sodium-Ion Storage
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2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) as High-Performance Electrode Materials for Lithium-Based Batteries
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Low‐Temperature Reduction Strategy Synthesized Si/Ti 3 C 2 MXene Composite Anodes for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
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Interacting Carbon Nitride and Titanium Carbide Nanosheets for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution
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A Series of MAX Phases with MA‐Triangular‐Prism Bilayers and Elastic Properties
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MoS 2 -on-MXene Heterostructures as Highly Reversible Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Regulating Fast Anionic Redox for High-Voltage Aqueous Hydrogen-Ion-based Energy Storage
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Highly Dispersed Bimetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Titanium Carbides for Remarkable Hydrogen Release from Hydrous Hydrazine
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Self‐Healing Microsupercapacitors with Size‐Dependent 2D MXene
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Few‐Layer Mxene Ti 3 C 2 T x (T=F, O, Or OH) for Robust Pulse Generation in a Compact Er‐Doped Fiber Laser
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2 D MXene‐based Energy Storage Materials: Interfacial Structure Design and Functionalization
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2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors
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Highly Uniform MnCo 2 O 4 Hollow Spheres‐Based All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Micro‐Supercapacitor via a Simple Metal‐Glycerate Precursor Approach
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Disassembly-Reassembly Approach to RuO 2 /Graphene Composites for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacitance Supercapacitor
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Synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their application in efficient removal of radionuclides
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Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx with hydrothermal process
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2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage
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Ti3C2 MXene co-catalyst on metal sulfide photo-absorbers for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production
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Ultra-high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in two-dimensional transition metal carbides
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Metallic 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets as supercapacitor electrode materials
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Microstructure and surface control of MXene films for water purification
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Self-assembled Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene film with high gravimetric capacitance
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Large-scale delamination of multi-layers transition metal carbides and carbonitrides “MXenes”
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Synergetic effects of K + and Mg 2+ ion intercalation on the electrochemical and actuation properties of the two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 MXene
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Synthesis of two-dimensional titanium nitride Ti 4 N 3 (MXene)
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Controlling the conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 MXenes by inductively coupled oxygen and hydrogen plasma treatment and humidity
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2D molybdenum and vanadium nitrides synthesized by ammoniation of 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)
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Free-standing Ti 3 C 2 T x electrode with ultrahigh volumetric capacitance
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Two-dimensional materials for miniaturized energy storage devices: from individual devices to smart integrated systems
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Binder-free 2D titanium carbide (MXene)/carbon nanotube composites for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors
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High-throughput theoretical optimization of the hydrogen evolution reaction on MXenes by transition metal modification
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Surface-agnostic highly stretchable and bendable conductive MXene multilayers
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