Effect of lignin content on changes occurring in poplar cellulose ultrastructure during dilute acid pretreatment

Sun, Qining; Foston, Marcus; Meng, Xianzhi; Sawada, Daisuke; Pingali, Sai Venkatesh; O’Neill, Hugh M.; Li, Hongjia; Wyman, Charles E.; Langan, Paul; Ragauskas, Art J.; Kumar, Rajeev

doi:10.1186/s13068-014-0150-6

Title: Effect of lignin content on changes occurring in poplar cellulose ultrastructure during dilute acid pretreatment

Journal Article · Tue Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Biotechnology for Biofuels

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0150-6· OSTI ID:1259860

Sun, Qining ^[1]; Foston, Marcus ^[2]; Meng, Xianzhi ^[1]; Sawada, Daisuke ^[3]; Pingali, Sai Venkatesh ^[3]; O’Neill, Hugh M. ^[3]; Li, Hongjia ^[4]; Wyman, Charles E. ^[5]; Langan, Paul ^[3]; Ragauskas, Art J. ^[6]; Kumar, Rajeev ^[5]

Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB)
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Obtaining a better understanding of the complex mechanisms occurring during lignocellulosic deconstruction is critical to the continued growth of renewable biofuel production. A key step in bioethanol production is thermochemical pretreatment to reduce plant cell wall recalcitrance for downstream processes. Previous studies of dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) have shown significant changes in cellulose ultrastructure that occur during pretreatment, but there is still a substantial knowledge gap with respect to the influence of lignin on these cellulose ultrastructural changes. This study was designed to assess how the presence of lignin influences DAP-induced changes in cellulose ultrastructure, which might ultimately have large implications with respect to enzymatic deconstruction efforts. Native, untreated hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoids) samples and a partially delignified poplar sample (facilitated by acidic sodium chlorite pulping) were separately pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid (0.10 M) at 160°C for 15 minutes and 35 minutes, respectively . Following extensive characterization, the partially delignified biomass displayed more significant changes in cellulose ultrastructure following DAP than the native untreated biomass. With respect to the native untreated poplar, delignified poplar after DAP (in which approximately 40% lignin removal occurred) experienced: increased cellulose accessibility indicated by increased Simons’ stain (orange dye) adsorption from 21.8 to 72.5 mg/g, decreased cellulose weight-average degree of polymerization (DP_w) from 3087 to 294 units, and increased cellulose crystallite size from 2.9 to 4.2 nm. These changes following DAP ultimately increased enzymatic sugar yield from 10 to 80%. We conclude that, overall, the results indicate a strong influence of lignin content on cellulose ultrastructural changes occurring during DAP. With the reduction of lignin content during DAP, the enlargement of cellulose microfibril dimensions and crystallite size becomes more apparent. Further, this enlargement of cellulose microfibril dimensions is attributed to specific processes, including the co-crystallization of crystalline cellulose driven by irreversible inter-chain hydrogen bonding (similar to hornification) and/or cellulose annealing that converts amorphous cellulose to paracrystalline and crystalline cellulose. Essentially, lignin acts as a barrier to prevent cellulose crystallinity increase and cellulose fibril coalescence during DAP.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: FWP ERKP752; FWP ERKP291

OSTI ID:: 1259860

Journal Information:: Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 7, Issue 1; ISSN 1754-6834

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 111 works

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60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Cellulose ultrastructure
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Delignification
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Biomass recalcitrance

Title: Effect of lignin content on changes occurring in poplar cellulose ultrastructure during dilute acid pretreatment

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