Measurement of carbon condensates using small-angle x-ray scattering during detonation of the high explosive hexanitrostilbene

Bagge-Hansen, M.; Lauderbach, L.; Hodgin, R.; Bastea, S.; Fried, L.; Jones, A.; van Buuren, T.; Hansen, D.; Benterou, J.; May, C.; Graber, T.; Jensen, B. J.; Ilavsky, J.; Willey, T. M.

doi:10.1063/1.4922866

Title: Measurement of carbon condensates using small-angle x-ray scattering during detonation of the high explosive hexanitrostilbene

Journal Article · Wed Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4922866· OSTI ID:1258290

Bagge-Hansen, M. ^[1]; Lauderbach, L. ^[1]; Hodgin, R. ^[1]; Bastea, S. ^[1]; Fried, L. ^[1]; Jones, A. ^[1]; van Buuren, T. ^[1];

^[1]; Benterou, J. ^[1]; May, C. ^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Willey, T. M. ^[1]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

In this study, the dynamics of carbon condensation in detonating high explosives remains controversial. Detonation model validation requires data for processes occurring at nanometer length scales on time scales ranging from nanoseconds to microseconds. A new detonation end station has been commissioned to acquire and provide time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) from detonating explosives. Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) was selected as the first to investigate due to its ease of initiation using exploding foils and flyers, vacuum compatibility, high thermal stability, and stoichiometric carbon abundance that produces high carbon condensate yields. The SAXS data during detonation, collected with 300 ns time resolution, provide unprecedented signal fidelity over a broad q-range. This fidelity permits the first analysis of both the Guinier and Porod/power-law regions of the scattering profile during detonation, which contains information about the size and morphology of the resultant carbon condensate nanoparticles. To bolster confidence in these data, the scattering angle and intensity were additionally cross-referenced with a separate, highly calibrated SAXS beamline. The data show that HNS produces carbon particles with a radius of gyration of 2.7 nm in less than 400 ns after the detonation front has passed, and this size and morphology are constant over the next several microseconds. These data directly contradict previous pioneering work on RDX/TNT mixtures and TATB, where observations indicate significant particle growth (50% or more) continues over several microseconds. The power-law slope is about -3, which is consistent with a complex disordered, irregular, or folded sp² sub-arrangement within a relatively monodisperse structure possessing radius of gyration of 2.7 nm after the detonation of HNS.

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Research Organization:: Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0002442; AC02-06CH11357; AC52-07NA27344; LLNL-LDRD-14-ERD-018

OSTI ID:: 1258290

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1228646

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 24; ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 45 works

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Cited By (9)

Detonation synthesis of carbon nano-onions via liquid carbon condensation Bagge-Hansen, M.; Bastea, S.; Hammons, J. A. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11666-z	journal	August 2019
Ultrafast shock synthesis of nanocarbon from a liquid precursor Armstrong, Michael R.; Lindsey, Rebecca K.; Goldman, Nir Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14034-z	journal	January 2020
New developments of the CARTE thermochemical code: A two-phase equation of state for nanocarbons Dubois, Vincent; Pineau, Nicolas Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4938528	journal	January 2016
Understanding the shock and detonation response of high explosives at the continuum and meso scales Handley, C. A.; Lambourn, B. D.; Whitworth, N. J. Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005997	journal	March 2018
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An energetic derivative of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and its DMF solvate crystallized from HNS solution with tertiary amine additives Cao, Xiong; Guan, Yuxiang; Yang, Liyuan Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7335179.v1	text	January 2018
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An energetic derivative of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and its DMF solvate crystallized from HNS solution with tertiary amine additives Cao, Xiong; Guan, Yuxiang; Yang, Liyuan Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7335179	text	January 2018
Nanocarbon condensation in detonation Bastea, Sorin Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42151	journal	February 2017

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