Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production

Williams, C. Luke; Westover, Tyler L.; Emerson, Rachel M.; Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar; Li, Chenlin

doi:10.1007/s12155-015-9694-y

Title: Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production

Abstract

In this study, terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a carbon neutral and domestic source of fuels and chemicals. However, the innate variability of biomass resources, such as herbaceous and woody materials, and the inconsistency within a single resource due to disparate growth and harvesting conditions, presents challenges for downstream processes which often require materials that are physically and chemically consistent. Intrinsic biomass characteristics, including moisture content, carbohydrate and ash compositions, bulk density, and particle size/shape distributions are highly variable and can impact the economics of transforming biomass into value-added products. For instance, ash content increases by an order of magnitude between woody and herbaceous feedstocks (from ~0.5 to 5 %, respectively) while lignin content drops by a factor of two (from ~30 to 15 %, respectively). This increase in ash and reduction in lignin leads to biofuel conversion consequences, such as reduced pyrolysis oil yields for herbaceous products as compared to woody material. In this review, the sources of variability for key biomass characteristics are presented for multiple types of biomass. Additionally, this review investigates the major impacts of the variability in biomass composition on four conversion processes: fermentation, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and direct combustion. Finally, futuremore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Westover, Tyler L. ^[1]; Emerson, Rachel M. ^[1]; Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar ^[1]; Li, Chenlin ^[1]

Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2015

Research Org.:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1251425

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-15-35892
Journal ID: ISSN 1939-1234; PII: 9694

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: BioEnergy Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1939-1234

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 09 BIOMASS FUELS; biomass; composition; variability; conversion; biochemical; thermochemical

Citation Formats


                    Williams, C. Luke, Westover, Tyler L., Emerson, Rachel M., Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar, and Li, Chenlin. Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.  doi:10.1007/s12155-015-9694-y.

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                    Williams, C. Luke, Westover, Tyler L., Emerson, Rachel M., Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar, & Li, Chenlin. Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9694-y

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                    Williams, C. Luke, Westover, Tyler L., Emerson, Rachel M., Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar, and Li, Chenlin. 2015.  
        "Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9694-y.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1251425.

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@article{osti_1251425,

  title        = {Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production},

  author       = {Williams, C. Luke and Westover, Tyler L. and Emerson, Rachel M. and Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar and Li, Chenlin},

  abstractNote = {In this study, terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a carbon neutral and domestic source of fuels and chemicals. However, the innate variability of biomass resources, such as herbaceous and woody materials, and the inconsistency within a single resource due to disparate growth and harvesting conditions, presents challenges for downstream processes which often require materials that are physically and chemically consistent. Intrinsic biomass characteristics, including moisture content, carbohydrate and ash compositions, bulk density, and particle size/shape distributions are highly variable and can impact the economics of transforming biomass into value-added products. For instance, ash content increases by an order of magnitude between woody and herbaceous feedstocks (from ~0.5 to 5 %, respectively) while lignin content drops by a factor of two (from ~30 to 15 %, respectively). This increase in ash and reduction in lignin leads to biofuel conversion consequences, such as reduced pyrolysis oil yields for herbaceous products as compared to woody material. In this review, the sources of variability for key biomass characteristics are presented for multiple types of biomass. Additionally, this review investigates the major impacts of the variability in biomass composition on four conversion processes: fermentation, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and direct combustion. Finally, future research processes aimed at reducing the detrimental impacts of biomass variability on conversion to fuels and chemicals are proposed.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s12155-015-9694-y},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1251425},
  journal      = {BioEnergy Research},

  issn         = {1939-1234},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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Title: Sources of biomass feedstock variability and the potential impact on biofuels production

Abstract

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Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review journal, May 2006

Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: The technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply
report, April 2005

Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover
report, March 2011

Hybrid routes to biofuels
journal, June 2007

A field in ferment
journal, December 2006

The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials
journal, January 2006

Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering
journal, September 2006

Understanding biomass feedstock variability
journal, January 2013

Formulation, Pretreatment, and Densification Options to Improve Biomass Specifications for Co-Firing High Percentages with Coal
journal, June 2012

Biomass storage: an update on industrial solutions for baled biomass feedstocks
journal, May 2012

Steam-explosion pretreatment of wood: Effect of chip size, acid, moisture content and pressure drop
journal, June 1986

A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
journal, April 2011

Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies
journal, January 2008

An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass
journal, December 1999

Biomass feedstocks for renewable fuel production: a review of the impacts of feedstock and pretreatment on the yield and product distribution of fast pyrolysis bio-oils and vapors
journal, January 2014

Combustion properties of biomass
journal, March 1998

Combustion characteristics of different biomass fuels
journal, January 2004

Particle morphology characterization and manipulation in biomass slurries and the effect on rheological properties and enzymatic conversion
journal, August 2011

Conversion of Lignocellulosics Pretreated with Liquid Hot Water to Ethanol
book, January 1996

Overview and Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass: Technology, Economics, the Environment, and Policy
journal, November 1996

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Developments from batch to continuous process
journal, February 2015

Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae
journal, July 2013

Thermochemical liquefaction of high-diversity grassland perennials
journal, January 2009

Effects of temperature and particle size on bio-char yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues
journal, November 2004

Effect of co-combustion of biomass on emissions in pulverized fuel furnaces
journal, March 1998

Removal of introduced inorganic content from chipped forest residues via air classification
journal, November 2015

Impact of corn stover composition on hemicellulose conversion during dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic cellulose digestibility of the pretreated solids
journal, January 2010

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies
journal, May 2011

The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability
journal, June 2008

On the properties of washed straw
journal, January 1996

Inhibition of ethanol-producing yeast and bacteria by degradation products produced during pre-treatment of biomass
journal, August 2004

Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. I: inhibition and detoxification
journal, August 2000

High temperature pyrolysis of solid products obtained from rapid hydrothermal pre-processing of pinewood sawdust
journal, January 2014

Hydrothermal upgrading of wood biomass: Influence of the addition of K2CO3 and cellulose/lignin ratio
journal, August 2008

A review on gasification of biomass
journal, January 2009

Grinding performance and physical properties of wheat and barley straws, corn stover and switchgrass
journal, October 2004

Grinding performance and physical properties of non-treated and steam exploded barley, canola, oat and wheat straw
journal, January 2011

An overview of the chemical composition of biomass
journal, May 2010

An overview of the composition and application of biomass ash. Part 1. Phase–mineral and chemical composition and classification
journal, March 2013

An overview of the organic and inorganic phase composition of biomass
journal, April 2012

Biomass properties in association with plant species and assortments I: A synthesis based on literature data of energy properties
journal, June 2012

Drought effects on composition and yield for corn stover, mixed grasses, and Miscanthus as bioenergy feedstocks
journal, May 2014

The effect of location and facility demand on the marginal cost of delivered wood chips from energy crops: A case study of the state of Tennessee
journal, January 1997

A Geographic Information System-based modeling system for evaluating the cost of delivered energy crop feedstock
journal, April 2000

Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS
journal, June 2009

Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 2. Method Uncertainties
journal, August 2010

Evolution and Development of Effective Feedstock Specifications
report, September 2013

Development of a sustainable liquid fuels infrastructure based on biomass
journal, January 2004

Plant species composition and biofuel yields of conservation grasslands
journal, December 2009

Screening for sugar and ethanol processing characteristics from anatomical fractions of wheat stover
journal, August 2007

Effect of anatomical fractionation on the enzymatic hydrolysis of acid and alkaline pretreated corn stover
journal, November 2009

Protein feeds coproduction in biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals
journal, March 2009

Biomass yield and quality of 20 switchgrass populations in southern Iowa, USA
journal, December 2002

Drought response strategies define the relative contributions of hydraulic dysfunction and carbohydrate depletion during tree mortality
journal, December 2012

Is osmotic adjustment required for water stress resistance in the Mediterranean shrub Atriplex halimus L?
journal, September 2004

Variation in corn stover composition and energy content with crop maturity
journal, April 2005

Biomass Yield and Biofuel Quality of Switchgrass Harvested in Fall or Spring
journal, January 2006

Environment and Harvest Time Affects the Combustion Qualities of Genotypes
journal, January 2003

Delayed harvest of miscanthus—influences on biomass quantity and quality and environmental impacts of energy production
journal, February 2003

Yield and composition of herbaceous biomass harvested from naturalized grassland in southern Iowa
journal, June 2006

Energy Potential of Biomass from Conservation Grasslands in Minnesota, USA
journal, April 2013

Impact of Harvest Equipment on Ash Variability of Baled Corn Stover Biomass for Bioenergy
journal, March 2014

Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review
journal, July 2010

Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects
journal, December 2005

Biotechnological processes for conversion of corn into ethanol
journal, December 2004

Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathway: A review
journal, February 2011

Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: Technology, economics, and opportunities
journal, January 1994

Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass
journal, May 2002

Effect of stover fraction and storage method on glucose production during enzymatic hydrolysis
journal, May 2004

Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: A review
journal, November 2013

Two-temperature stage biphasic CO2-H2O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings
journal, January 2012

Cycloaddition of Biomass-Derived Furans for Catalytic Production of Renewable p -Xylene
journal, April 2012

Green Gasoline by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Solid Biomass Derived Compounds
journal, May 2008

Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil
journal, March 2004

Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass
journal, March 2000

Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading
journal, March 2012

Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research
journal, January 2007

Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review
journal, May 2006

Fertiliser influence on alkali release during straw pyrolysis
journal, February 2002

Field-to-Fuel Performance Testing of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: An Integrated Study of the Fast Pyrolysis–Hydrotreating Pathway
journal, April 2015

A review on biomass as a fuel for boilers
journal, June 2011