Capacitive, deionization with carbon aerogel electrodes: Carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate

Technical Report · Mon Jul 24 00:00:00 EDT 1995

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/125000· OSTI ID:125000

Farmer, J C; Fix, D V; Mack, G V; Pekala, R W; Poco, J F

A process for the capacitive deionization (CDI) of water with a stack of carbon aerogel electrodes has been developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Unlike ion exchange, one of the more conventional deionization processes, no chemicals are required for regeneration of the system. Electricity is used instead. Water with various anions and cations is pumped through the electrochemical cell. After polarization, ions are electrostatically removed from the water and held in the electric double layers formed at the surfaces of electrodes. The water leaving the cell is purified, as desired. The effects of cell voltage on the electrosorption capacities for Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, Na{sub 3}PO{sub 4}, and Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} have been investigated and are reported here. Results for NaCl and NaNO{sub 3} have been reported previously. Possible applications for CDI are as a replacement for ion exchange processes which remove heavy metals and radioisotopes from process and waste water in various industries, as well as to remove inorganic ions from feedwater for fossil and nuclear power plants.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
• DOE Contract Number: W-7405-ENG-48
• OSTI ID: 125000
• Report Number(s): UCRL-JC-121405; CONF-951033-23; ON: DE96002036; TRN: AHC29528%%34
• Resource Relation: Conference: 27. international technical conference of the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE): diversity into the next century, Albuquerque, NM (United States), 9-12 Oct 1995; Other Information: PBD: 24 Jul 1995
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

40 CHEMISTRY
05 NUCLEAR FUELS
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
22 NUCLEAR REACTOR TECHNOLOGY
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
PERFORMANCE
WATER
PURIFICATION
WASTE WATER
WATER TREATMENT
FEEDWATER
RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING
SODIUM SULFATES
SODIUM PHOSPHATES
SODIUM CARBONATES
REMOVAL
CAPACITORS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA