Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

Kraus, D.; Ravasio, A.; Gauthier, M.; Gericke, D. O.; Vorberger, J.; Frydrych, S.; Helfrich, J.; Fletcher, L. B.; Schaumann, G.; Nagler, B.; Barbrel, B.; Bachmann, B.; Gamboa, E. J.; Gode, S.; Granados, E.; Gregori, G.; Lee, H. J.; Neumayer, P.; Schumaker, W.; Doppner, T.; Falcone, R. W.; Glenzer, S. H.; Roth, M.

doi:10.1038/ncomms10970

Title: Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

Journal Article · Mon Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970· OSTI ID:1249384

Kraus, D. ^[1]; Ravasio, A. ^[2]; Gauthier, M. ^[2]; Gericke, D. O. ^[3]; Vorberger, J. ^[4]; Frydrych, S. ^[5]; Helfrich, J. ^[5]; Fletcher, L. B. ^[2]; Schaumann, G. ^[5]; Nagler, B. ^[2]; Barbrel, B. ^[1]; Bachmann, B. ^[6]; Gamboa, E. J. ^[2]; Gode, S. ^[2]; Granados, E. ^[2]; Gregori, G. ^[7]; Lee, H. J. ^[2]; Neumayer, P. ^[8]; Schumaker, W. ^[2]; Doppner, T. ^[6] more »

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)
Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden (Germany); Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden (Germany)
Technische Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt (Germany)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany)

The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. In conclusion, our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1249384

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1252606

Report Number(s):: SLAC-REPRINT-2016-009; LLNL-JRNL-665618; ncomms10970

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 7; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 128 works

Citation information provided by
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