The state of understanding of the lithium-ion-battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relationship to formation cycling

An, Seong Jin; Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus; Mohanty, Debasish; Nagpure, Shrikant; Wood, III, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.008

Title: The state of understanding of the lithium-ion-battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relationship to formation cycling

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Carbon

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.008· OSTI ID:1248056

An, Seong Jin; Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus; Mohanty, Debasish; Nagpure, Shrikant;

An in-depth review is presented on the science of lithium-ion battery (LIB) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the graphite anode, including structure, morphology, chemical composition, electrochemistry, formation mechanism, and LIB formation cycling. During initial operation of LIBs, the SEI layer forms on the graphite surfaces, the most commonly used anode material, due to side reactions with the electrolyte solvent/salt at low electro-reduction potentials. It is accepted that the SEI layer is essential to the long-term performance of LIBs, and it also has an impact on its initial capacity loss, self-discharge characteristics, cycle life, rate capability, and safety. While the presence of the anode SEI layer is vital, it is difficult to control its formation and growth, as the chemical composition, morphology, and stability depend on several factors. These factors include the type of graphite, electrolyte composition, electrochemical conditions, and cell temperature. Thus, SEI layer formation and electrochemical stability over long-term operation should be a primary topic of future investigation in the development of LIB technology. We review the progression of knowledge gained about the anode SEI, from its discovery in 1979 to the current state of understanding, and covers its formation process, differences in the chemical and structural makeup when cell materials and components are varied, methods of characterization, and associated reactions with the liquid electrolyte phase. It also discusses the relationship of the SEI layer to the LIB formation step, which involves both electrolyte wetting and subsequent slow charge-discharge cycles to grow the SEI.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). National Transportation Research Center (NTRC); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1248056

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1248766

Journal Information:: Carbon, Journal Name: Carbon Vol. 105 Journal Issue: C; ISSN 0008-6223

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Cited by: 1012 works

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A materials perspective on magnesium-ion-based solid-state electrolytes Jaschin, Prem Wicram; Gao, Yirong; Li, Yao Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11729f	journal	January 2020
Heat Generation and Thermal Transport in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Scale-Bridging Perspective Kantharaj, Rajath; Marconnet, Amy M. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/15567265.2019.1572679	journal	November 2018
Creation of nanosized holes in graphene planes for improvement of rate capability of lithium-ion batteries Bulusheva, L. G.; Stolyarova, S. G.; Chuvilin, A. L. Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aaa99f	journal	February 2018
Free-anchored Nb ₂ O ₅ @graphene networks for ultrafast-stable lithium storage Deng, Qinglin; Li, Mengjiao; Wang, Junyong Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aab083	journal	March 2018
Flexible fiber-shaped energy storage devices: principles, progress, applications and challenges Ren, Jing; Xu, Quanfu; Li, Yi-Gang Flexible and Printed Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/aaaa79	journal	February 2018
Active formation of Li-ion batteries and its effect on cycle life Pathan, Tanveerkhan S.; Rashid, Muhammad; Walker, Marc Journal of Physics: Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab2e92	journal	August 2019
Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo–electron microscopy Li, Yuzhang; Li, Yanbin; Pei, Allen Science, Vol. 358, Issue 6362 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6014	journal	October 2017
Controlling Expansion in Lithium Manganese Oxide Composite Electrodes via Surface Modification Çapraz, Ö. Ö.; Rajput, S.; Bassett, K. L. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0021912jes	journal	January 2019
Design and Demonstration of Three-Electrode Pouch Cells for Lithium-Ion Batteries An, Seong Jin; Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0031709jes	journal	January 2017
Effect of Formation Potentials on Gassing of LiMn ₂ O ₄ //Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ /C Batteries Wen, Lei; Wu, Zeyi; Zhao, Peng Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0081903jes	journal	November 2018
Influence of the Electrolyte Quantity on Lithium-Ion Cells Günter, Florian J.; Burgstaller, Clemens; Konwitschny, Fabian Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0121910jes	journal	January 2019
A Physics-Based Model Capacity Fade Analysis of LiMn ₂ O ₄ /Graphite Cell at Different Temperatures Appiah, Williams Agyei; Ryou, Myung-Hyun; Lee, Yong Min Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0161903jes	journal	November 2018
Calendar Aging and Gas Generation in Commercial Graphite/NMC-LMO Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Mao, Z.; Farkhondeh, M.; Pritzker, M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0241714jes	journal	January 2017
Mechanical and Electronic Stabilization of Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Sulfite Additive for Lithium Metal Batteries Xu, Jiagang; Tian, Hong-Kang; Qi, Ji Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0331914jes	journal	January 2019
Predicting High-Temperature Decomposition of Lithiated Graphite: Part I. Review of Phenomena and a Comprehensive Model Shurtz, Randy C.; Engerer, Jeffrey D.; Hewson, John C. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0541816jes	journal	January 2018
Effects of Ultraviolet Light Treatment in Ambient Air on Lithium-Ion Battery Graphite and PVDF Binder An, Seong Jin; Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0591906jes	journal	January 2019
Electrochemistry-Mechanics Coupling in Intercalation Electrodes Kotak, Nihar; Barai, Pallab; Verma, Ankit Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0621805jes	journal	January 2018
Controlled Prelithiation of PbS to Pb/Li ₂ S for High Initial Coulombic Efficiency in Lithium Ion Batteries Guo, Alan; Chen, Eric; Heller, Adam Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0641910jes	journal	January 2019
Influence of Current Density on Graphite Anode Failure in Lithium-Ion Batteries Zhang, Pengcheng; Yuan, Tao; Pang, Yuepeng Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0701903jes	journal	January 2019
Means of Using Cyclic Voltammetry to Rapidly Design a Stable DMC-Based Electrolyte for Na-Ion Batteries Cometto, Claudio; Yan, Guochun; Mariyappan, Sathiya Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0721915jes	journal	January 2019
Visualized Pulverization via Ex Situ Analyses: Nickel Sulfide Anode Caged in a Hierarchical Carbon Park, Jae Hyun; Lee, Jae W. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1071904jes	journal	January 2019
Mixed Mode Growth Model for the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) Kamyab, Niloofar; Weidner, John W.; White, Ralph E. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1101902jes	journal	January 2019
Amount of Free Liquid Electrolyte in Commercial Large Format Prismatic Li-Ion Battery Cells Lebedeva, Natalia P.; Persio, Franco Di; Kosmidou, Theodora Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1151904jes	journal	January 2019
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Thin Film Li ₂ MoO ₃ Electrodes Self, Ethan C.; Zhang, Yiman; Kercher, Andrew K. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1161904jes	journal	January 2019
Interrelation between Redox Molecule Transport and Li ⁺ Ion Transport across a Model Solid Electrolyte Interphase Grown on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Kranz, T.; Kranz, S.; Miß, V. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1171714jes	journal	January 2017
The Influence of Anode/Cathode Capacity Ratio on Cycle Life and Potential Variations of Lithium-Ion Capacitors Naderi, R.; Shellikeri, A.; Hagen, M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1171912jes	journal	January 2019
Assessment of Li-Inventory in Cycled Si-Graphite Anodes Using LiFePO ₄ as a Diagnostic Cathode Dose, Wesley M.; Maroni, Victor A.; Piernas-Muñoz, Maria Jose Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1271810jes	journal	January 2018
Advancing Lithium- and Manganese-Rich Cathodes through a Combined Electrolyte Additive/Surface Treatment Strategy Gutierrez, Arturo; He, Meinan; Yonemoto, Bryan T. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1281915jes	journal	January 2019
Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future Peled, E.; Menkin, S. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1441707jes	journal	January 2017
Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges Holtstiege, Florian; Bärmann, Peer; Nölle, Roman Batteries, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4010004	journal	January 2018
A Post-Mortem Study of Stacked 16 Ah Graphite//LiFePO4 Pouch Cells Cycled at 5 °C Moretti, Arianna; Carvalho, Diogo Vieira; Ehteshami, Niloofar Batteries, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5020045	journal	May 2019
Degradation and Aging Routes of Ni-Rich Cathode Based Li-Ion Batteries Teichert, Philipp; Eshetu, Gebrekidan Gebresilassie; Jahnke, Hannes Batteries, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries6010008	journal	January 2020
In-Situ Arc Discharge-Derived FeSn2/Onion-Like Carbon Nanocapsules as Improved Stannide-Based Electrocatalytic Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries Han, Dandan; Chatterjee, Amrita; Man, Long Hin Catalysts, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9110950	journal	November 2019
Capacity Decay Mechanism of the LCO + NMC532/Graphite Cells Combined with Post-Mortem Technique Zhang, Linjing; Jiang, Jiuchun; Zhang, Weige Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081147	journal	August 2017
New Fe2O3-Clay@C Nanocomposite Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries Obtained by Facile Hydrothermal Processes Alonso-Domínguez, Daniel; Pico, María; Álvarez-Serrano, Inmaculada Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8100808	journal	October 2018
POSS-Derived Synthesis and Full Life Structural Analysis of Si@C as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Battery Bai, Ziyu; Tu, Wenmao; Zhu, Junke Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040576	journal	March 2019

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