skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Comparative analysis of secretomes from Ectomycorrhizal fungi with an emphasis on small-secreted proteins

Journal Article · · Frontiers in Microbiology
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy (France); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Champenoux (France)
  2. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Champenoux (France)

Fungi are major players in the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems due to the wide range of interactions they have with plants either through soil degradation processes by litter decayers or biotrophic interactions with pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal symbionts. Secretion of fungal proteins mediates these interactions by allowing the fungus to interact with its environment and/or host. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis independently appeared several times throughout evolution and involves approximately 80% of trees. Despite extensive physiological studies on ECM symbionts, little is known about the composition and specificities of their secretomes. In this study, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to predict and analyze the secretomes of 49 fungal species, including 11 ECM fungi, wood and soil decayers and pathogenic fungi to tackle the following questions: (1) Are there differences between the secretomes of saprophytic and ECM fungi? (2) Are small-secreted proteins (SSPs) more abundant in biotrophic fungi than in saprophytic fungi? and (3) Are there SSPs shared between ECM, saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi? We showed that the number of predicted secreted proteins is similar in the surveyed species, independently of their lifestyle. The secretome from ECM fungi is characterized by a restricted number of secreted CAZymes, but their repertoires of secreted proteases and lipases are similar to those of saprotrophic fungi. Focusing on SSPs, we showed that the secretome of ECM fungi is enriched in SSPs compared with other species. Most of the SSPs are coded by orphan genes with no known PFAM domain or similarities to known sequences in databases. Finally, based on the clustering analysis, we identified shared- and lifestyle-specific SSPs between saprotrophic and ECM fungi. The presence of SSPs is not limited to fungi interacting with living plants as the genome of saprotrophic fungi also code for numerous SSPs. As a result, ECM fungi shared lifestyle-specific SSPs likely involved in symbiosis that are good candidates for further functional analyses.

Research Organization:
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1241128
Journal Information:
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6; ISSN 1664-302X
Publisher:
Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 79 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (87)

Comparative analysis of secretomes in basidiomycete fungi journal May 2014
Basic local alignment search tool journal October 1990
Cerato-Platanin Induces Resistance in Arabidopsis Leaves through Stomatal Perception, Overexpression of Salicylic Acid- and Ethylene-Signalling Genes and Camalexin Biosynthesis journal June 2014
Secreted Fungal Effector Lipase Releases Free Fatty Acids to Inhibit Innate Immunity-Related Callose Formation during Wheat Head Infection journal March 2014
The fungal cerato-platanin protein EPL1 forms highly ordered layers at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces journal January 2015
Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant–fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis journal July 2010
Carbohydrate-related enzymes of important Phytophthora plant pathogens journal November 2014
Evolution of a subtilisin-like protease gene family in the grass endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae journal January 2009
Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility journal May 2012
Host-Microbe Interactions: Shaping the Evolution of the Plant Immune Response journal February 2006
Identification and characterization of a lipase gene from Antrodia cinnamomea journal December 2008
The Structure of the Elicitor Cerato-platanin (CP), the First Member of the CP Fungal Protein Family, Reveals a Double ψβ-Barrel Fold and Carbohydrate Binding journal March 2011
Comparative genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics give new insight into the exoproteome of the basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum and its involvement in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis journal July 2015
The Plant Cell Wall-Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi journal July 2011
Predicting Subcellular Localization of Proteins Based on their N-terminal Amino Acid Sequence journal July 2000
Copsin, a Novel Peptide-based Fungal Antibiotic Interfering with the Peptidoglycan Synthesis journal October 2014
Subtilisin-like proteases in plant–pathogen recognition and immune priming: a perspective journal December 2014
HMMER web server: interactive sequence similarity searching journal May 2011
The Paleozoic Origin of Enzymatic Lignin Decomposition Reconstructed from 31 Fungal Genomes journal June 2012
Forests trapped in nitrogen limitation - an ecological market perspective on ectomycorrhizal symbiosis journal May 2014
Deletion of S mgpi1 encoding a GPI-anchored protein suppresses sterility of the STRIPAK mutant ΔSmmob3 in the filamentous ascomycete S ordaria macrospora : GPI-anchored protein SmGPI1 of Sordaria macrospora journal May 2015
Molecular signals required for the establishment and maintenance of ectomycorrhizal symbioses journal April 2015
Soil moisture and plant residue addition interact in their effect on extracellular enzyme activity journal March 2011
Filamentous plant pathogen effectors in action journal October 2013
MycoCosm portal: gearing up for 1000 fungal genomes journal December 2013
The relative ages of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms and their plant hosts estimated using Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analyses journal March 2009
WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor journal May 2007
A phylogenomic approach to reconstructing the diversification of serine proteases in fungi journal November 2004
CD-HIT Suite: a web server for clustering and comparing biological sequences journal January 2010
MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability journal January 2013
A Secreted Fungal Effector of Glomus intraradices Promotes Symbiotic Biotrophy journal July 2011
Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists journal February 2015
Compositions of fungal secretomes indicate a greater impact of phylogenetic history than lifestyle adaptation journal January 2014
Functional Soil Microbiome: Belowground Solutions to an Aboveground Problem journal July 2014
Expansion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes journal January 2013
Ectomycorrhizal fungi - potential organic matter decomposers, yet not saprotrophs journal December 2014
Hydrophobins: the protein-amphiphiles of filamentous fungi journal November 2005
Harnessing ectomycorrhizal genomics for ecological insights journal August 2009
Reliability Measures for Membrane Protein Topology Prediction Algorithms journal March 2003
Small Signaling Peptides in Arabidopsis Development: How Cells Communicate Over a Short Distance journal August 2012
Independent Subtilases Expansions in Fungi Associated with Animals journal July 2011
Mastering ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: the impact of carbohydrates journal February 2008
Erratum: Mechanisms of regulated unconventional protein secretion journal March 2009
SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions journal September 2011
Effector MiSSP7 of the mutualistic fungus Laccaria bicolor stabilizes the Populus JAZ6 protein and represses jasmonic acid (JA) responsive genes journal May 2014
A Secreted Effector Protein of Laccaria bicolor Is Required for Symbiosis Development journal July 2011
Reconsidering mutualistic plant–fungal interactions through the lens of effector biology journal August 2015
Fungal Effectors and Plant Susceptibility journal April 2015
Extensive sampling of basidiomycete genomes demonstrates inadequacy of the white-rot/brown-rot paradigm for wood decay fungi journal June 2014
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus converts organic matter in plant litter using a trimmed brown-rot mechanism involving Fenton chemistry: Organic matter degradation by ectomycorrhizal fungi journal March 2012
Carbon availability triggers the decomposition of plant litter and assimilation of nitrogen by an ectomycorrhizal fungus journal June 2013
Filamentous pathogen effector functions: of pathogens, hosts and microbiomes journal August 2014
Asynchronous origins of ectomycorrhizal clades of Agaricales journal December 2011
Using Hierarchical Clustering of Secreted Protein Families to Classify and Rank Candidate Effectors of Rust Fungi journal January 2012
Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil journal January 2012
The molecular components of the extracellular protein-degradation pathways of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus journal July 2013
Genome-Wide Analysis in Three Fusarium Pathogens Identifies Rapidly Evolving Chromosomes and Genes Associated with Pathogenicity journal May 2015
RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models journal August 2006
Fungal Effector Proteins journal September 2009
Improvement of Phylogenies after Removing Divergent and Ambiguously Aligned Blocks from Protein Sequence Alignments journal August 2007
Independent roles of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic communities in soil organic matter decomposition journal February 2013
Systems analysis of plant cell wall degradation by the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa journal December 2009
Interspecies competition triggers virulence and mutability in Candida albicans–Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed biofilms journal April 2014
Fungal enzyme sets for plant polysaccharide degradation journal July 2011
Establishing the roots of a relationship journal August 2011
Mutualistic interactions on a knife-edge between saprotrophy and pathogenesis journal August 2011
Secretome of the Free-living Mycelium from the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor journal November 2011
A secreted lipase of Fusarium graminearum is a virulence factor required for infection of cereals: Lipase as a virulence factor journal February 2005
Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality journal March 2014
Estimation of the biomass and seasonal growth of external mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field journal September 2001
Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives journal January 2012
Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes in Pythium and Their Role in Plant Cell Wall and Storage Polysaccharide Degradation journal September 2013
Correction: Comparative analysis of fungal genomes reveals different plant cell wall degrading capacity in fungi journal January 2014
Systematic discovery of pseudomonad genetic factors involved in sensitivity to tailocins journal March 2021
Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis reveals intron dynamics and gene rearrangements in two Trametes species journal January 2021
Genome-scale model reconstruction of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha text January 2021
Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages journal September 2009
Stable genetic transformation of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius journal October 2005
Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation as a tool for insertional mutagenesis in the symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum journal March 2003
Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis journal March 2010
Genetic basis for the establishment of endosymbiosis in Paramecium journal January 2019
Full-length transcriptome analysis of multiple organs and identification of adaptive genes and pathways in Mikania micrantha journal February 2022
The danger of mycorrhizal traps? journal June 2014
Overexpression of Laccaria bicolor aquaporin JQ585595 alters root water transport properties in ectomycorrhizal white spruce ( Picea glauca ) seedlings journal October 2014
Abolishing Cell Wall Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Candida albicans Enhances Recognition by Host Dectin-1 journal April 2015
The Irreversible Loss of a Decomposition Pathway Marks the Single Origin of an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis journal July 2012
Specificity of plant-microbe interactions in the tree mycorrhizosphere biome and consequences for soil C cycling journal June 2014

Cited By (34)

Molecular Signalling During the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis book January 2019
Unearthing the roots of ectomycorrhizal symbioses journal October 2016
A role for small secreted proteins (SSPs) in a saprophytic fungal lifestyle: Ligninolytic enzyme regulation in Pleurotus ostreatus journal November 2017
Transcriptomic atlas of mushroom development reveals conserved genes behind complex multicellularity in fungi journal March 2019
Laccaria bicolor MiSSP8 is a small‐secreted protein decisive for the establishment of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis journal July 2019
Secretion of small proteins is species-specific within Aspergillus sp journal May 2016
A new promising phylogenetic marker to study the diversity of fungal communities: The Glycoside Hydrolase 63 gene journal May 2017
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists journal January 2018
Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and their genomes: another side to the mycorrhizal symbiosis? journal May 2018
Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis journal May 2018
Phylogenomics of Endogonaceae and evolution of mycorrhizas within Mucoromycota journal January 2019
Comparative genomics of Rhizophagus irregularis , R. cerebriforme , R. diaphanus and Gigaspora rosea highlights specific genetic features in Glomeromycotina journal February 2019
Comparative genomics reveals unique wood‐decay strategies and fruiting body development in the Schizophyllaceae journal June 2019
Manipulating the Expression of Small Secreted Protein 1 (Ssp1) Alters Patterns of Development and Metabolism in the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus journal May 2019
Apophysomyces variabilis: draft genome sequence and comparison of predictive virulence determinants with other medically important Mucorales journal September 2017
The lichen symbiosis re-viewed through the genomes of Cladonia grayi and its algal partner Asterochloris glomerata journal July 2019
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle journal October 2019
Genomes and secretomes of Ascomycota fungi reveal diverse functions in plant biomass decomposition and pathogenesis journal December 2019
Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination journal March 2018
Arabidopsis thaliana responds to colonisation of Piriformospora indica by secretion of symbiosis-specific proteins journal December 2018
Overlapping Podospora anserina Transcriptional Responses to Bacterial and Fungal Non Self Indicate a Multilayered Innate Immune Response journal April 2016
Secretome Analysis from the Ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum journal February 2018
The Comparison of Expressed Candidate Secreted Proteins from Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Unravels Common and Specific Molecular Tools to Invade Different Host Plants journal February 2017
The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics journal January 2020
The Conifer Root and Stem Rot Pathogen (Heterobasidion parviporum): Effectome Analysis and Roles in Interspecific Fungal Interactions journal December 2019
Laccaria bicolor MiSSP8 is a small-secreted protein decisive for the establishment of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis journal May 2019
The lichen symbiosis re-viewed through the genomes of Cladonia grayi and its algal partner Asterochloris glomerata text January 2019
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle preprint October 2019
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle posted_content October 2019
Orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi: an insufficiently explored relationship journal January 2020
Unusual genome expansion and transcription suppression in ectomycorrhizal Tricholoma matsutake by insertions of transposable elements journal January 2020
The lichen symbiosis re-viewed through the genomes of Cladonia grayi and its algal partner Asterochloris glomerata text January 2019
Rapid Divergence of Genome Architectures Following the Origin of an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Genus Amanita journal September 2018
Recent Insights on Biological and Ecological Aspects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Interactions journal February 2018