skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A 2-terminal perovskite/silicon multijunction solar cell enabled by a silicon tunnel junction

Journal Article · · Applied Physics Letters
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914179· OSTI ID:1237897

With the advent of efficient high-bandgap metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics, an opportunity exists to make perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. We fabricate a monolithic tandem by developing a silicon-based interband tunnel junction that facilitates majority-carrier charge recombination between the perovskite and silicon sub-cells. We demonstrate a 1 cm2 2-terminal monolithic perovskite/silicon multijunction solar cell with a VOC as high as 1.65 V. As a result, we achieve a stable 13.7% power conversion efficiency with the perovskite as the current-limiting sub-cell, and identify key challenges for this device architecture to reach efficiencies over 25%.

Research Organization:
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0006707; EE0004946
OSTI ID:
1237897
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1226722
Journal Information:
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 12; ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 434 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (31)

Chemical Management for Colorful, Efficient, and Stable Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Solar Cells journal March 2013
Hysteresis and transient behavior in current–voltage measurements of hybrid-perovskite absorber solar cells journal January 2014
Efficiency limits for single-junction and tandem solar cells journal November 2006
Achievement of More Than 25% Conversion Efficiency With Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell journal November 2014
Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Perspectives for Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Cells journal November 2014
Fully crystalline perovskite-perylene hybrid photovoltaic cell capable of 1.2 V output with a minimized voltage loss journal September 2014
Modeling low cost hybrid tandem photovoltaics with the potential for efficiencies exceeding 20% journal January 2012
Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells journal July 2013
Heteroepitaxial technologies on Si for high-efficiency solar cells journal January 1998
Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition journal September 2013
Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites journal October 2012
Understanding Manufacturing Cost Influence on Future Trends in Silicon Photovoltaics journal November 2014
New Phenomenon in Narrow Germanium p n Junctions journal January 1958
Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells journal January 2015
Enhancing the Hole-Conductivity of Spiro-OMeTAD without Oxygen or Lithium Salts by Using Spiro(TFSI) 2 in Perovskite and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells journal July 2014
Modeling the cost and minimum sustainable price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing in the United States conference June 2012
Reversible photo-induced trap formation in mixed-halide hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics journal January 2015
Modeling the Cost and Minimum Sustainable Price of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Manufacturing in the United States journal April 2013
III-V/Si hybrid photonic devices by direct fusion bonding journal April 2012
Organic–inorganic halide perovskite/crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem solar cells journal January 2015
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 45): Solar cell efficiency tables journal December 2014
Ultra-thin, high performance tunnel junctions for III-V multijunction cells: Ultra-thin, high performance tunnel junctions for III-V multijunction cells journal December 2012
Perovskite-kesterite monolithic tandem solar cells with high open-circuit voltage journal October 2014
Hybrid solar cells based on dye-sensitized nanoporous TiO2 electrodes and conjugated polymers as hole transport materials journal December 2001
Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells for tandems with silicon and CIGS journal January 2015
Hole-blocking titanium-oxide/silicon heterojunction and its application to photovoltaics journal May 2013
Solid-phase crystallization and dopant activation of amorphous silicon films by pulsed rapid thermal annealing journal September 1998
Modeling the cost and minimum sustainable price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing in the United States conference June 2013
Microcrystalline n-i-p tunnel junction in a-Si:H/a-Si:H tandem cells journal April 2001
Diffusion barrier cladding in Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes and their patterned growth on PMOS source/drain regions journal September 2003
Radiative efficiency of lead iodide based perovskite solar cells journal August 2014

Cited By (72)

Nb-doped amorphous titanium oxide compact layer for formamidinium-based high efficiency perovskite solar cells by low-temperature fabrication journal January 2018
Two‐Terminal Perovskites Tandem Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives journal May 2019
Functional Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoengineered Networks for Organic- and Perovskite-Solar-Cell Applications journal September 2016
Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells journal January 2016
A Step-by-Step Optimization of the c-Si Bottom Cell in Monolithic Perovskite/c-Si Tandem Devices journal August 2018
Perowskit-Solarzellen: atomare Ebene, Schichtqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Zellen journal February 2018
Solution‐Processable Perovskite Solar Cells toward Commercialization: Progress and Challenges journal April 2019
Materials Discovery of Stable and Nontoxic Halide Perovskite Materials for High-Efficiency Solar Cells text January 2019
Too Many Junctions? A Case Study of Multijunction Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells journal September 2017
Two‐terminal Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells with a high‐Bandgap Perovskite absorber enabling voltages over 1.8 V
  • Bett, Alexander J.; Schulze, Patricia S. C.; Winkler, Kristina M.
  • Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3208
journal November 2019
Low-temperature-processed efficient semi-transparent planar perovskite solar cells for bifacial and tandem applications journal November 2015
Device engineering of perovskite solar cells to achieve near ideal efficiency journal September 2015
Thermal and Environmental Stability of Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Tandems Enabled by a Solution-Processed Nanoparticle Buffer Layer and Sputtered ITO Electrode journal February 2016
Bifacial Si heterojunction-perovskite organic-inorganic tandem to produce highly efficient ( ηT*   33%) solar cell journal June 2015
Perovskite—a Perfect Top Cell for Tandem Devices to Break the S–Q Limit journal January 2019
Graded bandgap perovskite solar cells journal November 2016
UV Degradation and Recovery of Perovskite Solar Cells journal December 2016
High-efficiency tandem perovskite solar cells journal August 2015
Highly compression-tolerant folded carbon nanotube/paper as solid-state supercapacitor electrode journal October 2016
Optical Design in Perovskite Solar Cells journal April 2019
Toward the design of monolithic 23.1% efficient hysteresis and moisture free perovskite/c-Si HJ tandem solar cell: a numerical simulation study journal April 2019
Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Devices to Applications journal August 2019
Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Atomic Level to Film Quality and Device Performance journal February 2018
Advances in Solar Energy: Solar Cells and Their Applications book January 2019
Maximum Efficiency and Open-Circuit Voltage of Perovskite Solar Cells book July 2016
ZnO 1−x Te x highly mismatched alloys beyond the dilute alloy limit: Synthesis and electronic band structure journal April 2019
Electrical analysis of c-Si/CGSe monolithic tandem solar cells by using a cell-selective light absorption scheme journal November 2017
Modification of dry/wet hybrid fabrication method for preparing a perovskite absorption layer on a PCBM electron transport layer journal January 2018
Technical and economic assessment of perovskite solar cells for large scale manufacturing journal July 2015
Nanoscale Back Contact Perovskite Solar Cell Design for Improved Tandem Efficiency journal August 2017
Opportunities and challenges for tandem solar cells using metal halide perovskite semiconductors journal July 2018
The detailed balance limit of perovskite/silicon and perovskite/CdTe tandem solar cells: Detailed balance limit of tandem solar cells journal February 2017
Strategies Toward Extending the Near‐Infrared Photovoltaic Response of Perovskite Solar Cells journal August 2019
Metal-halide perovskites for photovoltaic and light-emitting devices journal May 2015
Wide-bandgap, low-bandgap, and tandem perovskite solar cells journal July 2019
Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells journal May 2017
Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells journal December 2016
Optical design of spectrally selective interlayers for perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells journal January 2018
Light Management in Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells journal August 2019
Materials Discovery of Stable and Nontoxic Halide Perovskite Materials for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells journal April 2019
Progress in Tandem Solar Cells Based on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites journal March 2017
Interfacial‐Tunneling‐Effect‐Enhanced CsPbBr 3 Photodetectors Featuring High Detectivity and Stability journal October 2019
Passivating and low-resistive poly-Si tunneling junction enabling high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells journal October 2019
In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO 2 enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells journal December 2018
Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration journal May 2018
Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells journal September 2015
Metal-Nanowire-Electrode-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities journal April 2017
Infrared photocurrent management in monolithic perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells by using a nanocrystalline silicon oxide interlayer journal January 2018
Hexagonal Array of Mesoscopic HTM-Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Embedded Plasmonic Nanoparticles journal September 2017
Metal halide perovskite tandem and multiple-junction photovoltaics journal November 2017
Perovskite Solar Cells: Potentials, Challenges, and Opportunities journal January 2015
Tailoring metal halide perovskites through metal substitution: Influence on photovoltaic and material properties text January 2017
Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: Marriage of Convenience or True Love Story? - An Overview journal September 2017
Solvent Engineering to Balance Light Absorbance and Transmittance in Perovskite for Tandem Solar Cells journal August 2018
Stabilized Wide Bandgap MAPbBr x I 3- x Perovskite by Enhanced Grain Size and Improved Crystallinity journal December 2015
Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells: Pathways to Over 30% Efficiency journal April 2020
Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells journal November 2017
Improved Optics in Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with a Nanocrystalline Silicon Recombination Junction journal October 2017
Transient analysis of luminescent coupling effects in multi-junction solar cells journal November 2018
A review of recent progress in heterogeneous silicon tandem solar cells journal March 2018
Functional Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoengineered Networks for Organic- and Perovskite-Solar-Cell Applications. text January 2016
High current, high efficiency graded band gap perovskite solar cells preprint January 2016
Optoelectronic and morphology properties of perovskite/silicon interface layer for tandem solar cell application journal January 2020
High Efficiency Inorganic/Inorganic Amorphous Silicon/Heterojunction Silicon Tandem Solar Cells journal October 2018
Quantum Interference Measurements and Their Application to Analysis of Ultrafast Photocarrier Dynamics in Semiconductor Solar Cell Materials journal January 2020
23.6%-efficient monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with improved stability journal February 2017
Toward high-efficiency solution-processed tandem solar cells conference September 2018
Efficient Indium-Doped TiO x Electron Transport Layers for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite-Silicon Tandems journal November 2016
A Monolithically Integrated InGaN Nanowire/Si Tandem Photoanode Approaching the Ideal Bandgap Configuration of 1.75/1.13 eV journal September 2016
Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for 23.0%-Efficiency Perovskite/Silicon Four-Terminal Tandem Cells journal July 2016
Analysing the Prospects of Perovskite Solar Cells within the Purview of Recent Scientific Advancements journal June 2018
Rational design of nanowire solar cells: from single nanowire to nanowire arrays journal February 2019