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Title: Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES)

Abstract

The chemical reactions that occur in batteries are complex, spanning a wide range of time and length scales from atomic jumps to the entire battery structure. The NECCES team of experimentalists and theorists made use of, and developed new methodologies to determine how model compound electrodes function in real time, as batteries are cycled. The team determined that kinetic control of intercalation reactions (reactions in which the crystalline structure is maintained) can be achieved by control of the materials morphology and explains and allows for the high rates of many intercalation reactions where the fundamental properties might indicate poor behavior in a battery application. The small overvoltage required for kinetic control is technically effective and economically feasible. A wide range of state-of-the-art operando techniques was developed to study materials under realistic battery conditions, which are now available to the scientific community. The team also investigated the key reaction steps in conversion electrodes, where the crystal structure is destroyed on reaction with lithium and rebuilt on lithium removal. These so-called conversion reactions have in principle much higher capacities, but were found to form very reactive discharge products that reduce the overall energy efficiency on cycling. It was found that by mixingmore » either the anion, as in FeOF, or the cation, as in Cu1-yFeyF2, the capacity on cycling could be improved. The fundamental understanding of the reactions occurring in electrode materials gained in this study will allow for the development of much improved battery systems for energy storage. This will benefit the public in longer lived electronics, higher electric vehicle ranges at lower costs, and improved grid storage that also enables renewable energy supplies such as wind and solar.« less

Authors:
 [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Research Foundation of SUNY
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
OSTI Identifier:
1211531
Report Number(s):
DOE-STONYBROOK-1294
DOE Contract Number:
SC0001294
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; Intercalation, lithium, cathode, conversion, synchroton

Citation Formats

Whittingham, M. Stanley. Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES). United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.2172/1211531.
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Whittingham, M. Stanley. Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES). United States. doi:10.2172/1211531.
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Whittingham, M. Stanley. Fri . "Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES)". United States. doi:10.2172/1211531. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1211531.
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@article{osti_1211531,
title = {Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES)},
author = {Whittingham, M. Stanley},
abstractNote = {The chemical reactions that occur in batteries are complex, spanning a wide range of time and length scales from atomic jumps to the entire battery structure. The NECCES team of experimentalists and theorists made use of, and developed new methodologies to determine how model compound electrodes function in real time, as batteries are cycled. The team determined that kinetic control of intercalation reactions (reactions in which the crystalline structure is maintained) can be achieved by control of the materials morphology and explains and allows for the high rates of many intercalation reactions where the fundamental properties might indicate poor behavior in a battery application. The small overvoltage required for kinetic control is technically effective and economically feasible. A wide range of state-of-the-art operando techniques was developed to study materials under realistic battery conditions, which are now available to the scientific community. The team also investigated the key reaction steps in conversion electrodes, where the crystal structure is destroyed on reaction with lithium and rebuilt on lithium removal. These so-called conversion reactions have in principle much higher capacities, but were found to form very reactive discharge products that reduce the overall energy efficiency on cycling. It was found that by mixing either the anion, as in FeOF, or the cation, as in Cu1-yFeyF2, the capacity on cycling could be improved. The fundamental understanding of the reactions occurring in electrode materials gained in this study will allow for the development of much improved battery systems for energy storage. This will benefit the public in longer lived electronics, higher electric vehicle ranges at lower costs, and improved grid storage that also enables renewable energy supplies such as wind and solar.},
doi = {10.2172/1211531},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Fri Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Technical Report:
View Technical Report (0.37 MB)
DOI:  10.2172/1211531
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