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Title: Distinct summer and winter bacterial communities in the active layer of Svalbard permafrost revealed by DNA- and RNA-based analyses

Journal Article · · Frontiers in Microbiology
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [1];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  2. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark)
  3. Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

The active layer of soil overlaying permafrost in the Arctic is subjected to dramatic annual changes in temperature and soil chemistry, which likely affect bacterial activity and community structure. We studied seasonal variations in the bacterial community of active layer soil from Svalbard (78°N) by co-extracting DNA and RNA from 12 soil cores collected monthly over a year. PCR amplicons of 16S rRNA genes (DNA) and reverse transcribed transcripts (cDNA) were quantified and sequenced to test for the effect of low winter temperature and seasonal variation in concentration of easily degradable organic matter on the bacterial communities. The copy number of 16S rRNA genes and transcripts revealed no distinct seasonal changes indicating potential bacterial activity during winter despite soil temperatures well below -10°C. Multivariate statistical analysis of the bacterial diversity data (DNA and cDNA libraries) revealed a season-based clustering of the samples, and, e.g., the relative abundance of potentially active Cyanobacteria peaked in June and Alphaproteobacteria increased over the summer and then declined from October to November. The structure of the bulk (DNA-based) community was significantly correlated with pH and dissolved organic carbon, while the potentially active (RNA-based) community structure was not significantly correlated with any of the measured soil parameters. A large fraction of the 16S rRNA transcripts was assigned to nitrogen-fixing bacteria (up to 24% in June) and phototrophic organisms (up to 48% in June) illustrating the potential importance of nitrogen fixation in otherwise nitrogen poor Arctic ecosystems and of phototrophic bacterial activity on the soil surface.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; Danish National Research Foundation
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1204352
Journal Information:
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6; ISSN 1664-302X
Publisher:
Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 62 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (21)

Bacterial communities in ancient permafrost profiles of Svalbard, Arctic journal September 2017
Linkages between geochemistry and microbiology in a proglacial terrain in the High Arctic journal December 2018
Bacterial and protozoan dynamics upon thawing and freezing of an active layer permafrost soil journal January 2019
Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active layers journal January 2016
The subzero microbiome: microbial activity in frozen and thawing soils journal April 2016
Aeolian dispersal of bacteria in southwest Greenland: their sources, abundance, diversity and physiological states journal February 2018
Disentangling the complexity of permafrost soil by using high resolution profiling of microbial community composition, key functions and respiration rates journal July 2018
Emerging from the ice‐fungal communities are diverse and dynamic in earliest soil developmental stages of a receding glacier journal March 2019
Microbial diversity and biogeography in Arctic soils: Microbial diversity and biogeography journal August 2018
Rare Taxa Exhibit Disproportionate Cell-Level Metabolic Activity in Enriched Anaerobic Digestion Microbial Communities journal January 2019
A comparison of methods used to unveil the genetic and metabolic pool in the built environment journal April 2018
Molecular Evidence for Metabolically Active Bacteria in the Atmosphere journal May 2016
Diversity and Composition of Bacterial Community in Soils and Lake Sediments from an Arctic Lake Area journal July 2016
Microbial dynamics in a High Arctic glacier forefield: a combined field, laboratory, and modelling approach journal January 2016
Linkages between geochemistry and microbiology in a proglacial terrain in the High Arctic text January 2018
The subzero microbiome: Microbial activity in frozen and thawing soils text January 2017
Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active layers text January 2016
Influence of glaciation on mechanisms of mineral weathering in two high Arctic catchments journal January 2016
Erratum: Potential microbial contamination during sampling of permafrost soil assessed by tracers journal April 2017
Bacterial Community Structures in Freshwater Polar Environments of Svalbard journal January 2016
Microbial Communities and Diversities in Mudflat Sediments Analyzed Using a Modified Metatranscriptomic Method journal January 2018