High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5)

Narang, David; Ayyanar, Raja; Gemin, Paul; Baggu, Murali; Srinivasan, Devarajan

doi:10.2172/1171386

Title: High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5)

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Abstract

APS’s renewable energy portfolio, driven in part by Arizona’s Renewable Energy Standard (RES) currently includes more than 1100 MW of installed capacity, equating to roughly 3000 GWh of annual production. Overall renewable production is expected to grow to 6000 GWh by 2025. It is expected that distributed photovoltaics, driven primarily by lower cost, will contribute to much of this growth and that by 2025, distributed installations will account for half of all renewable production (3000GHW). As solar penetration increases, additional analysis may be required for routine utility processes to ensure continued safe and reliable operation of the electric distribution network. Such processes include residential or commercial interconnection requests and load shifting during normal feeder operations. Circuits with existing high solar penetration will also have to be studied and results will need to be evaluated for adherence to utility practices or strategy. Increased distributed PV penetration may offer benefits such as load offsetting, but it also has the potential to adversely impact distribution system operation. These effects may be exacerbated by the rapid variability of PV production. Detailed effects of these phenomena in distributed PV applications continue to be studied. Comprehensive, high-resolution electrical models of the distribution system were developed tomore »« less

Authors:

Narang, David ^[1]; Ayyanar, Raja ^[2]; Gemin, Paul ^[3]; Baggu, Murali ^[4]; Srinivasan, Devarajan ^[5]

Arizona Public Service Company (APS), Phoenix, AZ (United States)
Arizona State Univ., Mesa, AZ (United States)
General Electric, Fairfield, CT (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
ViaSol Energy Solutions, LLC, Tempe, AZ (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2015

Research Org.:: Arizona Public Service Company (APS), Phoenix, AZ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1171386

Report Number(s):: DOE_APS_EE04679-1

DOE Contract Number:: EE0004679

Resource Type:: Technical Report

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION

Citation Formats


                    Narang, David, Ayyanar, Raja, Gemin, Paul, Baggu, Murali, and Srinivasan, Devarajan. High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5).  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.  doi:10.2172/1171386.

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                    Narang, David, Ayyanar, Raja, Gemin, Paul, Baggu, Murali, & Srinivasan, Devarajan. High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5).  United States.  https://doi.org/10.2172/1171386

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                    Narang, David, Ayyanar, Raja, Gemin, Paul, Baggu, Murali, and Srinivasan, Devarajan. 2015.  
        "High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5)".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.2172/1171386.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1171386.

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@article{osti_1171386,

  title        = {High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5)},

  author       = {Narang, David and Ayyanar, Raja and Gemin, Paul and Baggu, Murali and Srinivasan, Devarajan},

  abstractNote = {APS’s renewable energy portfolio, driven in part by Arizona’s Renewable Energy Standard (RES) currently includes more than 1100 MW of installed capacity, equating to roughly 3000 GWh of annual production. Overall renewable production is expected to grow to 6000 GWh by 2025. It is expected that distributed photovoltaics, driven primarily by lower cost, will contribute to much of this growth and that by 2025, distributed installations will account for half of all renewable production (3000GHW). As solar penetration increases, additional analysis may be required for routine utility processes to ensure continued safe and reliable operation of the electric distribution network. Such processes include residential or commercial interconnection requests and load shifting during normal feeder operations. Circuits with existing high solar penetration will also have to be studied and results will need to be evaluated for adherence to utility practices or strategy. Increased distributed PV penetration may offer benefits such as load offsetting, but it also has the potential to adversely impact distribution system operation. These effects may be exacerbated by the rapid variability of PV production. Detailed effects of these phenomena in distributed PV applications continue to be studied. Comprehensive, high-resolution electrical models of the distribution system were developed to analyze the impacts of PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including coordination and anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/VAr control schemes. Modeling methods were refined by validating against field measurements. To augment the field measurements, methods were developed to synthesize high resolution load and PV generation data to facilitate quasi-static time series simulations. The models were then extended to explore boundary conditions for PV hosting capability of the feeder and to simulate common utility practices such as feeder reconfiguration. The modeling and analysis methodology was implemented using open source tools and a process was developed to aid utility engineers in future interconnection requests. Methods to increase PV hosting capacity were also explored during the course of the study. A 700kVA grid-supportive inverter was deployed on the feeder and each grid support mode was demonstrated. Energy storage was explored through simulation and models were developed to calculate the optimum size and placement needed to increase PV hosting capacity. A tool was developed to aid planners in assigning relative costs and benefits to various strategies for increasing PV hosting capacity beyond current levels. Following the completion of the project, APS intends to use the tools and methods to improve the framework of future PV integration on its system. The tools and methods are also expected to aid other utilities to accelerate distributed PV deployment.},

  doi          = {10.2172/1171386},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1171386},
  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Fri Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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