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Title: Electrochemical transfer of oxygen during direct current arc welding

Abstract

Weld metal oxygen content is important for control of weld metal microstructure and notch toughness. Low oxygen contents promote low toughness bainitic structures. Moderate oxygen levels favor a tough acicular ferrite structure, and high oxygen levels promote lower toughness grain boundary and Widmanstaetten side plate structures. The objective of this research was to examine electrochemical oxygen transfer as a function of welding process variables, polarity, and the relative importance of conduction across plasma-metal and slag-metal interfaces for: submerged arc welding (SAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes. SAW and SMAW were made in DCEN and DCEP polarities on structural steel and copper substrates. GTAW were made on steel substrates in DCEN polarity. The experimental results show that both thermochemical and electrochemical reactions are important for oxygen transfer, and that there are differences in the electrochemical reactions at slag-metal and plasma-metal interfaces. Both electrochemical and thermochemical reactions are significant for direct current arc welding processes. The arc plasma acts as an electrolyte for arc welding processes and electrochemical reactions occur at the plasma-metal interface have chemical effects opposite to those at the slag metal interface. This is caused by the fact that only positive ionsmore » exist in the arc plasma in large concentrations.« less

Authors:
; ;  [1]
  1. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
115465
Report Number(s):
CONF-9404233-
TRN: 95:002927-0043
Resource Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: 75. American Welding Society (AWS) annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA (United States), 10-15 Apr 1994; Other Information: PBD: 1994; Related Information: Is Part Of 75th Diamond anniversary American Welding Society annual meeting; PB: 273 p.
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 40 CHEMISTRY; ARC WELDING; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; STEELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; COPPER BASE ALLOYS; EMISSION SPECTRA; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; ELECTROLYTES; OXYGEN; ELECTRON TRANSFER

Citation Formats

Kim, J H, Frost, R H, and Olson, D L. Electrochemical transfer of oxygen during direct current arc welding. United States: N. p., 1994. Web.
Kim, J H, Frost, R H, & Olson, D L. Electrochemical transfer of oxygen during direct current arc welding. United States.
Kim, J H, Frost, R H, and Olson, D L. 1994. "Electrochemical transfer of oxygen during direct current arc welding". United States.
@article{osti_115465,
title = {Electrochemical transfer of oxygen during direct current arc welding},
author = {Kim, J H and Frost, R H and Olson, D L},
abstractNote = {Weld metal oxygen content is important for control of weld metal microstructure and notch toughness. Low oxygen contents promote low toughness bainitic structures. Moderate oxygen levels favor a tough acicular ferrite structure, and high oxygen levels promote lower toughness grain boundary and Widmanstaetten side plate structures. The objective of this research was to examine electrochemical oxygen transfer as a function of welding process variables, polarity, and the relative importance of conduction across plasma-metal and slag-metal interfaces for: submerged arc welding (SAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes. SAW and SMAW were made in DCEN and DCEP polarities on structural steel and copper substrates. GTAW were made on steel substrates in DCEN polarity. The experimental results show that both thermochemical and electrochemical reactions are important for oxygen transfer, and that there are differences in the electrochemical reactions at slag-metal and plasma-metal interfaces. Both electrochemical and thermochemical reactions are significant for direct current arc welding processes. The arc plasma acts as an electrolyte for arc welding processes and electrochemical reactions occur at the plasma-metal interface have chemical effects opposite to those at the slag metal interface. This is caused by the fact that only positive ions exist in the arc plasma in large concentrations.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/115465}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1994},
month = {Sat Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1994}
}

Conference:
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