Electron cyclotron heating and current drive: Present experiments to ITER. Revision 1
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Abingdon (United Kingdom). Culham Lab.
Electron cyclotron (EC) power has technological and physics advantages for heating and current drive in a tokamak reactor, and advances in source development make it credible for applications in ITER. Strong single pass absorption makes heating to ignition particularly simple. The optimized EC current drive (ECCD) efficiency ({l_angle}n{r_angle}IR/P) shows a linear temperature scaling at temperatures up to {approximately} 15 keV. For temperatures above 30 keV, the efficiency saturates at approximately 0.3{center_dot}10{sup 20} A/(m{sup 2}W) for a frequency of 220 GHz in an ITER target plasma with toroidal field of 6 T, due primarily to harmonic overlap [G.R. Smith et al., Phys. Fluids 30 3633 (1987)] and to a lesser extent due to limitations arising from relativistic effects [N.J. Fisch, Phys. Rev. A 24 3245 (1981)]. The same efficiency can also be obtained at 170 GHz for the same plasma equilibrium except that the magnetic field is reduced to (170/220) {times} 6 T = 4.6 T. The ECCD efficiencies are obtained with the comprehensive 3D, bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck CQL3D codes [R.W. Harvey and M.G. McCoy, Proc. IAEA TCM/Advances in Simulation and Modeling in Thermonuclear Plasmas 1992, Montreal], and BANDIT3D [M.R. O`Brien, M. Cox, C.D. Warrick, and F. S. Zaitsev, ibid.].
- Research Organization:
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Raytheon Engineers and Constructors, Inc., New York, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE, Washington, DC (United States); Department of Trade and Industry, London (United Kingdom)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC03-89ER51114; W-7405-ENG-48; AC03-94SF20282
- OSTI ID:
- 112940
- Report Number(s):
- GA-A-22050-Rev.1; CONF-950112-6-Rev.1; ON: DE96000804; TRN: 95:023208
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 9. joint workshop on electron cyclotron emission and electron cyclotron resonance heating, Borrego Springs, CA (United States), 23-26 Jan 1995; Other Information: PBD: Aug 1995
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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