Colony organization in the green alga Botryococcus braunii is specified by a complex extracellular matrix

Weiss, Taylor L.; Roth, Robyn; Goodson, Carrie; Vithda, Stanislav; Black, Ian; Azadi, Parastoo; Rusch, Jannette; Holzenburg, Andreas; Devarenne, Timothy P.; Goodenough, Ursula

doi:10.1128/EC.00184-12

Title: Colony organization in the green alga Botryococcus braunii is specified by a complex extracellular matrix

Journal Article · Fri Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Eukaryotic Cell

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00184-12· OSTI ID:1093826

Weiss, Taylor L. ^[1]; Roth, Robyn ^[2]; Goodson, Carrie ^[3]; Vithda, Stanislav ^[1]; Black, Ian ^[4]; Azadi, Parastoo ^[4]; Rusch, Jannette ^[3]; Holzenburg, Andreas ^[1]; Devarenne, Timothy P. ^[1]; Goodenough, Ursula ^[3]

Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Botryococcus braunii is a colonial green alga whose cells associate via a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) and produce prodigious amounts of liquid hydrocarbons that can be readily converted into conventional combustion engine fuels. We used quickfreeze deep-etch electron microscopy and biochemical/histochemical analysis to elucidate many new features of B. braunii cell/colony organization and composition. Intracellular lipid bodies associate with the chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but show no evidence of being secreted. The ER displays striking fenestrations and forms a continuous subcortical system in direct contact with the cell membrane. The ECM has three distinct components. (i) Each cell is surrounded by a fibrous β-1, 4- and/or β-1, 3-glucan-containing cell wall. (ii) The intracolonial ECM space is filled with a cross-linked hydrocarbon network permeated with liquid hydrocarbons. (iii) Colonies are enclosed in a retaining wall festooned with a fibrillar sheath dominated by arabinose-galactose polysaccharides, which sequesters ECM liquid hydrocarbons. Each cell apex associates with the retaining wall and contributes to its synthesis. Retaining-wall domains also form "drapes" between cells, with some folding in on themselves and penetrating the hydrocarbon interior of a mother colony, partitioning it into daughter colonies. In addition, we propose that retaining-wall components are synthesized in the apical Golgi apparatus, delivered to apical ER fenestrations, and assembled on the surfaces of apical cell walls, where a proteinaceous granular layer apparently participates in fibril morphogenesis. We further propose that hydrocarbons are produced by the nonapical ER, directly delivered to the contiguous cell membrane, and pass across the nonapical cell wall into the hydrocarbon-based ECM.

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Research Organization:: Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0003046

OSTI ID:: 1093826

Report Number(s):: DOE-DANF-0003046-P1; 28302-P

Journal Information:: Eukaryotic Cell, Vol. 11, Issue 12; ISSN 1535-9778

Publisher:: American Society for Microbiology (ASM)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 125 works

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