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Title: Scaling of sustained ZT-40 M reversed field pinches

Abstract

Experiments aimed at evaluating the scaling properties of the ZT-40M Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP) facility were conducted in 1983 at Los Alamos. Sustained discharges were produced at nominal toroidal currents ranging from 60 to 240 kA. The standard fill pressure was kept close to the lower limit of the usable pressure range, and the scaling data were acquired at a fixed time in the discharges while the plasma was in a quasi-steady state. Scalings of the diameter-averaged electron density, electron temperature on axis, product of these two parameters, and of various definitions of the electrical resistivity are presented. Trends of the toroidal voltage, energy containment time, and poloidal beta are shown. The impurity contents, particle containment time, and total radiation losses are described, and results obtained with and without poloidal limiters are compared. In addition, the performance of the facility at higher than standard density and at a constant ratio of the toroidal current over the electron line density is examined.

Authors:
 [1]; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
  1. ed.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
10194888
Report Number(s):
LA-12567-MS
ON: DE94003318; TRN: 94:000799
DOE Contract Number:
W-7405-ENG-36
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Resource Relation:
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1993
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; ZT-40 DEVICES; SCALING LAWS; ELECTRON DENSITY; ELECTRON TEMPERATURE; LIMITERS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONFINEMENT TIME; BETA RATIO; 700310; 700350; PLASMA CONFINEMENT; PLASMA PRODUCTION, HEATING, CURRENT DRIVE, AND INTERACTIONS

Citation Formats

Graham, J., Haberstich, A., Baker, D.A., Buchenauer, C.J., Caramana, E.J., DiMarco, J.N., Erickson, R.M., Ingraham, J.C., Jacobson, A.R., Little, E.M., Massey, R.S., Phillips, J.A., Schoenberg, K.F., Schofield, A.E., Thomas, K.S., Watt, R.G., and Weber, P.G. Scaling of sustained ZT-40 M reversed field pinches. United States: N. p., 1993. Web. doi:10.2172/10194888.
Graham, J., Haberstich, A., Baker, D.A., Buchenauer, C.J., Caramana, E.J., DiMarco, J.N., Erickson, R.M., Ingraham, J.C., Jacobson, A.R., Little, E.M., Massey, R.S., Phillips, J.A., Schoenberg, K.F., Schofield, A.E., Thomas, K.S., Watt, R.G., & Weber, P.G. Scaling of sustained ZT-40 M reversed field pinches. United States. doi:10.2172/10194888.
Graham, J., Haberstich, A., Baker, D.A., Buchenauer, C.J., Caramana, E.J., DiMarco, J.N., Erickson, R.M., Ingraham, J.C., Jacobson, A.R., Little, E.M., Massey, R.S., Phillips, J.A., Schoenberg, K.F., Schofield, A.E., Thomas, K.S., Watt, R.G., and Weber, P.G. Wed . "Scaling of sustained ZT-40 M reversed field pinches". United States. doi:10.2172/10194888. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10194888.
@article{osti_10194888,
title = {Scaling of sustained ZT-40 M reversed field pinches},
author = {Graham, J. and Haberstich, A. and Baker, D.A. and Buchenauer, C.J. and Caramana, E.J. and DiMarco, J.N. and Erickson, R.M. and Ingraham, J.C. and Jacobson, A.R. and Little, E.M. and Massey, R.S. and Phillips, J.A. and Schoenberg, K.F. and Schofield, A.E. and Thomas, K.S. and Watt, R.G. and Weber, P.G.},
abstractNote = {Experiments aimed at evaluating the scaling properties of the ZT-40M Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP) facility were conducted in 1983 at Los Alamos. Sustained discharges were produced at nominal toroidal currents ranging from 60 to 240 kA. The standard fill pressure was kept close to the lower limit of the usable pressure range, and the scaling data were acquired at a fixed time in the discharges while the plasma was in a quasi-steady state. Scalings of the diameter-averaged electron density, electron temperature on axis, product of these two parameters, and of various definitions of the electrical resistivity are presented. Trends of the toroidal voltage, energy containment time, and poloidal beta are shown. The impurity contents, particle containment time, and total radiation losses are described, and results obtained with and without poloidal limiters are compared. In addition, the performance of the facility at higher than standard density and at a constant ratio of the toroidal current over the electron line density is examined.},
doi = {10.2172/10194888},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1993},
month = {Wed Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1993}
}

Technical Report:

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  • A 10-station, 20-coil internal magnetic sensing probe for diagnosing the ZT-40 plasma is described. The coils are precisely aligned for coplanarity and orthogonality to within a fraction of a degree, have a sensitivity of approx. 2.5 cm/sup 2/t, and are flat to above 2.5 MHz.
  • A next-generation, toroidal, reversed-field Z-pinch experiment to be constructed at LASL is proposed. On the basis of encouraging ZT-I and ZT-S experimental results, a larger device with a 40-cm bore and a 114-cm major radius is proposed, to extend the confinement time by about an order of magnitude. The new experiment will explore the physics of programming reversed-field pinches in a size range unexplored by previous reversed-field pinch experiments. Model reversed-field pinch reactor calculations show that, if stability is assumed, small fusion reactors are possible if the pinch current density is high. A basic aim will be to delineate themore » plasma and current density ranges in which stable reversed-field pinches can be produced. Improved vacuum techniques will be used to overcome the radiation losses that probably kept electron temperatures low in the earlier, smaller experiments.« less
  • FEDIFF is a finite-element circuit-network code in which conductors are modeled in a three-dimensional (3-D) lattice of metal plates, each plate possessing finite thickness. The plates are properly interconnected and magnetically coupled to all external and internal circuit elements. The lattice is transformed to become a circuit network and to be integrated. The result of computations is discussed, in which FEDIFF has been adapted to solve 3-D vertical field diffusion problems in the toroidal stabilizing shell of the ZT-40M device at Los Alamos, when a vertical magnetic field is applied as a pulse. The stabilizing shell is made of aluminum,more » 2.2 cm thick, that is one skin depth at 110 Hz. Because the shell is constructed with a poloidal insulated gap, the vertical magnetic field diffuses into the shell, differently in the gap region than elsewhere. With the existing aspect ratio of major to minor radius being six, we show tht field diffusion in a straight cylinder exhibits virtually the same characteristics as the toroidal configuration does, away from the gap, provided the cylinder possesses the same wall thickness and material makeup as the toroidal shell. The accuracy of the present eddy current field calculations is 2.8%.« less
  • The nature of the transport in certain pinches is investigated by comparing experimental data with computational predictions of the AURORA code. It is shown that anomalous resistivity and anomalous thermal conduction are present during the implosion phase of the ZT-S reversed field pinch, and that as equilibrium is approached the anomalous contribution to the transport coefficients decrease. Evidence is presented indicating that a low density wall emitted plasma occupies the region between the main plasma column and the wall. Simulations of a theta-pinch show that anomalous heating of the ions due to microturbulent fields makes a noticeable contribution to themore » ion energetics.« less
  • The termination process in the ZT-40M reversed-field pinch has been studied using multichord interferometry supplemented by other diagnostics. The abrupt fall of the toroidal current is observed to occur when the ratio toroidal current/line density lies in the range 1 x 10/sup -13/ less than or equal to I/sub phi//N less than or equal to 2 x 10/sup -13/ A-m. This is consistent with the attainment of a drift threshold, in which the electron drift speed (along the magnetic field) aproaches the electron thermal speed. The edge region of the discharge experiences a termination precursor disturbance which appears to resultmore » from the local attainment of this drift threshold. The termination precursor is phase-locked to an m = 0 plasma density oscillation which arises earlier during the discharge but obtains large amplitudes only during the pretermination phase.« less