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Improving Access to U.S Department of Energy R&D Results Agency/Publisher Collaboration

  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Improving Access to U.S Department of Energy R&D Results Agency/Publisher Collaboration


    Brian A. Hitson
    Associate Director
    Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
    APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    U.S Federal Research Budget by Agency



    All Other 7%
    National Science Foundation 4%
    NASA 6%
    Energy 8%
    Health & Human Services 22%
    Defense (military) 53%
    Source: OMB, 2012
    Department of Energy is largest U.S. funder of physical sciences ~ $5B.
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Most immediate output of this investment is Scientific and Technical Information (STI) … which comes in many forms:

    • Journal articles
    • Technical reports
    • Conference papers
    • Theses/Dissertations
    • Scientific and technical computer software
    • Datasets
    • Patents
    • Workshop reports
    • Videos
    • Accepted manuscripts
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Public Dissemination Obligations


    Effectively, we are DOE's mechanism for providing accountability for $10B in annual R&D results.

    U.S. Government has long recognized its responsibilities to publicly disseminate unclassified STI.

    • Atomic Energy Acts of 1946 and 1954 established a program for the dissemination of unclassified scientific and technical information and for the control of classified information.
    • Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 defined responsibilities for developing, collecting, and making scientific and technical information available for distribution.
    • Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 provided for maintaining a central source of information and disseminating information.

    Energy Policy Act of 2005
    "The Secretary, through the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, shall maintain within the Department publicly available collections of scientific and technical information resulting from research, development, demonstration, and commercial applications activities supported by the Department."
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013
    Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)

    Mission
    Advance science and sustain technological creativity by making R&D findings available and useful to Department of Energy (DOE) researchers and the public.

    Premise: Science advances only if knowledge is shared
    Corollary: Accelerating the sharing of scientific knowledge accelerates the advancement of science
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    DOE STI Program


    • OSTI manages agency-wide program.
    • DOE R&D results are:
       • Collected from DOE offices, labs, and facilities, as well as university grantees;
       • Preserved for re-use; and
       • Made accessible via multiple web outlets.
    • Interagency and international exchanges/partnerships leverage access and use of DOE R&D results.
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    OSTI Dissemination Products & Discovery Tools



    We produce search tools that make DOE R&D results available.

    Information Bridge
    DOE Data Explorer
    ScienceCinema
    E-Print Network
    DOepatents
    Energy Science and Technology Software Center
    DOE Green Energy
    DOE Tech Transfer Information
    DOE R&D Accomplishments
    Science Conference Proceedings
    Energy Citations Database
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Federated Products



    Science Accelerator - Covers a range of R&D results (reports, patents, citations, eprints, etc.) from DOE.

    Science.gov - Databases and websites offer over 200 million pages of science information from the U.S. government.

    WorldWideScience.org - Provides over 400 million pages of science information from databases and portals in 70+ countries.
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Usage metrics



    OSTI Web Traffic
    • 300M page views/downloads in FY 2012
    • 70% from domestic sources
    • 30% from international sources
    • Majority of domestic traffic from .com domains
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Key remaining "gap" is in DOE's ability to fully account for and provide access to its scholarly literature output …


    Journal Articles
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Collaboration #1: FundRef


    Science.gov

    • Problem:
       • U.S. Federal agencies can't easily account for scholarly literature output Standard metadata has not included funding source information

    • Solution:
       • FundRef – a pilot to standardize funding source information for scholarly publications
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    The FundRef Pilot


    Goal: To standardize funding information within the body of regular metadata collected by scholarly publications for submission to CrossRef.

    Publishers Funders

    American Institute of Physics (AIP)

    US Department of Energy

    American Psychological Association (APA)

    US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

    Elsevier Science

    US National Science Foundation

    IEEE

    Wellcome Trust

    Nature Publishing Group

     

    Oxford University Press

     

    Wiley

     


    • Specific Task: Add 'agency name' metatag and contract/grant number to CrossRef metadata.
    • Final report/recommendations expected March 2013
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    The FundRef Workflow


    1. FundRef Registry provides standard funder names to publisher manuscript tracking systems.
    2. Publishers ask authors to select correct funders and provide grant numbers upon manuscript submission.
    3. Funder information transferred to publisher production systems.
    4. Publishers sned collected funder information in their CrossRef deposits.
    5. Funders and other stakeholders query FundRef API:
      A. Given funder & grant numbers, return DOIs of publication funded
      B. Given DOI, return funder identifiers and grant numbers associated with DOI
    6. Funding information displayed on publisher PDFs and websites using standard CrossMark UI.

    Governance to be determined
    Funder Registry*
    1
    Publisher System
    2
    Manuscript Tracking System
    3
    Publisher Production Systems
    4
    CrossRef
    FundRef API
    5
    Funders Institutions Researchers Publishers
    Production Registry and FundRef data will be openly available under CCO waiver

    Key features:
    • Standard agency naming conventions
    • Authors to select agency name/sub-program and provide contract/grant number
    • Publishers capturing data in production workflows
    • Depositing the data with CrossRef
    • Displaying the information on published articles
    • Disseminating the data back to funding agencies and others
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Collaboration #2: ORCID


    Will the real John Smith please stand up?

    Open Researcher and Contributor ID

    • Provides a persistent, unique digital identifier for researchers and authors.
    • Supports automated linkages between them and their submitted works.
    • Distinguishes their research activities from those of others with similar names.

    Early in 2013 OSTI will begin to support submittal of ORCID identifiers as part of author name information. Once this system is in place, it will be possible to accurately locate records based on an author’s ORCID ID.
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Collaboration #3: OSTI-Publisher Metadata-Sharing and Linking Agreements


    Goal: Improve visibility and usage of DOE research results through reciprocal links from OSTI and publisher products.

    LICENSE AGREEMENT

  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    DOE-Affiliated Articles by Publisher (2007-2012)


    • Elsevier - 21%
    • Amerian Chemical Society - 19%
    • American Physical Society - 18%
    • American Institute of Physics - 8%
    • Institute of Physics - 7%
    • Wiley - 6%
    • Springer - 4%
    • Royal Society of Chemistry
    • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    • Nature
    • American Geophysical Union
    • National Academy of Sciences
    • Optical Society of America
    • Taylor Francis
    • American Society for Microbiology
    • American Nuclear Society
    • Public Library of Science
    • American Association for the Advancement of Science
    • EDP Sciences

    Source: WebofScience
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Roles/Functions



    Publisher OSTI

    Provides metadata, abstracts, and full text for DOE-affiliated articles to OSTI.

    Indexes full text and metadata to improve search.

    Develops reference links from articles to OSTI-held technical reports.

    Displays metadata and abstracts, but not full text to users.

     

    Provides a DOI link to the publisher’s website.

     

    Wellcome Trust

     

    “Pushes” metadata (but not abstracts or full text articles) to third parties (e.g., Google, discovery services, universities) via XML services.

  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Current Publisher Partners:


    • AIP, Elsevier, APS, American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)
    • Discussions underway with other primary publishers
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Key Benefits of these Agreements


    • Improves DOE's ability to more fully account for its scholarly (article) output.
    • Provides the public a better mechanism to find DOE scholarly output without having to use multiple search engines.
    • Drives web traffic to publishers and the Version of Record.
    • Increases opportunities for reference linking across different types of STI (i.e., articles, technical reports, datasets).
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Relationship between 'Public Access' & the OSTI-Publisher Agreements


    These agreements represent a step forward in public access. Agency-funded scholarly literature becomes easier to account for and find.

    They do not fulfill the broadly-understood meaning of "public access." (Unless the particular journal or article is already provided as "open access" or becomes accessible after an embargo period)
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Potential Next Steps


    • The OSTI-Publisher agreements demonstrate the workability of a hybrid/distributed approach to public access – if decisions are made to pursue public access.
      • Centralized metadata
      • Decentralized full text
        • Article (Version of Record) at publisher website
        • Accepted manuscript at author’s institution or other host site
    • U.S. Executive and Legislative branches of government are considering broader implementation of “public access” beyond the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and PubMed Central.
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Conclusions


    • OSTI welcomes the participation of additional publishers in these metadata-sharing agreements.
    • OSTI recognizes and appreciates the value publishers add to scholarly literature.
    • OSTI continues to seek win-win-win arrangements to ensure the dissemination and sustainability of scholarly publications that support:
      (a) The public and scientific/academic communities; and
      (b) The publishers; and
      (c) DOE.
  • APE 2013 Conference: January 29, 2013

    Thank You!


    Brian A. Hitson
    hitsonb@osti.gov
    www.osti.gov
    865-576-1199

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