Copper contamination effects on hydrogen-air combustion under SCRAMJET (supersonic combustion ramjet) testing conditions
Two forms of copper catalytic reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous) in hydrogen flames were found in a literature survey. Hydrogen atoms in flames recombine into hydrogen molecules through catalytic reactions, and these reactions which affect the timing of the combustion process. Simulations of hydrogen flames with copper contamination were conducted by using a modified general chemical kinetics program (GCKP). Results show that reaction times of hydrogen flames are shortened by copper catalytic reactions, but ignition times are relatively insensitive to the reactions. The reduction of reaction time depends on the copper concentration, copper phase, particle size (if copper is in the condensed phase), and initial temperature and pressure. The higher the copper concentration of the smaller the particle, the larger the reduction in reaction time. For a supersonic hydrogen flame (Mach number = 4.4) contaminated with 200 ppm of gaseous copper species, the calculated reaction times are reduced by about 9%. Similar reductions in reaction time are also computed for heterogeneous copper contamination. Under scramjet testing conditions, the change of combustion timing appears to be tolerable (less than 5%) if the Mach number is lower than 3 or the copper contamination is less than 100 ppm. The higher rate the Mach number, the longer the reaction time and the larger the copper catalytic effects. 7 tabs., 8 figs., 34 refs.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOD
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6126830
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9011119-3; ON: DE91006545
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 27. JANNAF combustion meeting, Cheyeene, WY (USA), 5-9 Nov 1990
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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37 INORGANIC
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
ATOMS
RECOMBINATION
COPPER
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
HYDROGEN
COMBUSTION KINETICS
RAMJET ENGINES
SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
MACH NUMBER
AIR TRANSPORT
CATALYSIS
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
ELEMENTS
ENGINES
HEAT ENGINES
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
KINETICS
METALS
NONMETALS
REACTION KINETICS
SIMULATION
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
TRANSPORT
VELOCITY
083000* - Hydrogen- Combustion- (1990-)
080800 - Hydrogen- Properties & Composition
400800 - Combustion
Pyrolysis
& High-Temperature Chemistry
330103 - Internal Combustion Engines- Turbine
320201 - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Transportation- Air & Aerospace