Plasma-Assisted Coevaporation of S and Se for Wide Band Gap Chalcopyrite Photovoltaics: Phase I Annual Report; December 2001-December 2002
In this work, ITN Energy Systems (ITN) and lower-tier subcontractor Colorado School of Mines (CSM) explore the replacement of the molecular chalcogen precursors during deposition (e.g., Se2 or H2Se) with more reactive chalcogen monomers or radicals (e.g., Se). Molecular species will be converted to atomic species in a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma. The non-equilibrium environment created by the plasma will allow control over the S/Se ratio in these films. Tasks of the proposed program center on developing and validating monoatomic chalcogen chemistry, tuning of low-pressure monomer chalcogen sources, and evaluating plasma-assisted coevaporation (PACE) for CIGS coevaporation. Likely advantages of deposition by plasma-enhanced coevaporation include: (a)provides potential for lower deposition temperature and/or for better film quality at higher deposition temperature; (b) provide potential for decreased deposition times; (c) provides high material utilization efficiency ({approx}90%) that results in less deposition on other parts of the reactor, leading to lower clean-up and maintenance costs, as well as longer equipment lifetime; (d) high material utilization efficiency also reduces the total operating pressure, which is beneficial for the design and control of metal coevaporation (advantages include minimal metal-vapor beam spread and lower source operating temperatures); (e) enables deposition of wide-bandgap copper indium gallium sulfur-selenide (CIGSS) films with controlled stoichiometry.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-99-GO10337
- OSTI ID:
- 15003595
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/SR-520-33278; NDJ-2-30630-11; TRN: US200434%%87
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: PBD: 1 Jan 2003; Related Information: Work performed by ITN Energy Systems, Inc., Littleton, Colorado and Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Plasma-Assisted Co-evaporation of S and Se for Wide Band Gap Chalcopyrite Photovoltaics: Final Subcontract Report, December 2001 -- April 2005
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Related Subjects
42 ENGINEERING
CHALCOPYRITE
CHEMISTRY
COPPER
DEPOSITION
DESIGN
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
EFFICIENCY
ENERGY SYSTEMS
GALLIUM
INDIUM
MAINTENANCE
MONOMERS
RADICALS
STOICHIOMETRY
TUNING
PV
INDUCTIVELY COUPLE PLASMA (ICP)
RADIO-FREQUENCY
OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER (OES)
QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETER (QMS)
PLASMA-ASSISTED COEVAPORATION
PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY
WIDE-BANDGAP CHALCOPYRITE