Measurement and analysis of release isentropes using proton radiography (u)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
Off-Hugoniot measurements are needed to further develop predictive models that accurately describe the behavior of metals undergoing phase transitions. Predictive modeling of phase transitions is essential for LANL to meet its programmatic objectives. Understanding the dynamic evolution of density as a function of time during the release process is important to developing high fidelity equation of state models. This is particularly true for metals that have a degree of complexity, such as a solid-solid phase transition. The equations-of-state (EOS) for metals with complexity are more difficult to measure and to model, and states far away from where measurements are easily made can be poorly known. Accurate density measurements can provide us with additional fundamental information that can be used to further constrain the equation of state for a material. Currently release isentrope information is obtained from shock experiments at a sample window interface using optical velocimetry. This data is highly convoluted due to wave interactions between the sample window-interface making it difficult to infer physical processes happening within the material. Proton radiography has the ability to probe the release waves in-situ before these wave interactions can take place. Since multiple radiographs are obtained in each experiment, pRad provides the unique capability of being able to measure both density and wave evolution within the material. The measurement of release wave densities, however, presents new challenges for pRad since the release wave of a shocked transition is not a step function but instead a ramped wave. Previous pRad experiments have generally measured density jumps over step transitions; therefore, new analysis techniques will have to be developed to measure the ramped density change of a release isentrope. Once developed, these new analysis techniques can also be used for experiments that involve ramped compression. This kind of compression is being used to measure states close to an isentrope. The ability analyze ramp wave data is an essential component to further the use of proton radiography to study any off-Hugoniot behavior. Wave speeds in materials depend upon the speed of sound which in turn is a function of pressure in the material. At higher pressures the sound speed is faster; at lower pressures the sound speed is slower; this is what causes shock waves to form. This same effect causes the shape of release waves to change with time. The wave will be running faster at the top and slower at the bottom, its slope steeper at the top and less at the bottom due to pressure changes. These are unsteady waves. WONDY simulations of these wave shape characteristics are shown in Fig. 1 for a Cu symmetric impact. We will need to look at how the shape of the wave changes over time and affects the measurement of the density as a function of time. Additionally we need to quantify the uncertainties in the spatial and density measurements as a function of ramp rate and shock strength. We will look at aluminum or copper to validate the analysis techniques that will need to be developed. Finally, we will perform shock loaded phase transition experiments on iron, zirconium, and tin using the developed analysis techniques for incorporation into predictive models. The iron (and possibly tin) experiments will introduce a new degree of complexity because of the existence of a rarefaction shock in the release wave.
- Research Organization:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- OSTI ID:
- 1049958
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-11-00547; LA-UR-11-547; TRN: US1204507
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 31st International Workshop on Physics of High Energy Density in Matter ; January 30, 2011 ; Hirrschegg, Austria
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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