Analysis of the JINR p(660 MeV) + [sup 129]I, [sup 23]Np, and [sup 231]Am measurements with eleven different models
- Stepan G.
- Arnold J.
- Richard E.
- Konstantin K.
- Mircha Ivanovich
Isotopically enriched {sup 129}I (85% {sup 129}I and 15% {sup 127}I), {sup 237}Np, and {sup 241}Am targets were irradiated with a beam of 660-MeV protons at the JINR DLNP Phasotron and cross sections of formation of 207 residual products (74 from {sup 129}I, 53 from {sup 237}Np, and 80 from {sup 241}Am) were determined using the {gamma}-spectrometry method. Here, they analyze all these data using eleven different models, realized in eight codes: LAHET (Bertini, ISABEL, INCL+ABLA, and INCL+RAL options), CASCADE, CEM95, CEM2k, LAQGSM+GEM2, CEM2k+GEM2, LAQGSM+GEMINI, and CEM2k+GEMINI, in order to validate the tested models against the experimental data and to understand better the mechanisms for production of residual nuclei. The agreement of different models with the data varies quite a bit. They find that most of the codes are fairly reliable in predicting cross sections for nuclides not too far away in mass from the targets, but differ greatly in the deep spallation, fission, and fragmentation regions. None of the codes tested here except GEMINI allow fission of nuclei as light as iodine, therefore the best agreement with the {sup 129}I data, especially in the A = 40-90 region, is shown by the codes CEM2k and LAQGSM when they are merged with GEMINI. At the same time, GEMINI is not yet very reliable for an accurate description of actinides and the {sup 237}Np and {sup 241}Am data are reproduced better by LAHET (Bertini, ISABEL, or INCL+RAL/ABLA options), and by CEM2k and LAQGSM merged with GEM2 and not so well when using GEMINI. They conclude that none of the codes tested here are able to reproduce well all these data and all of them need to be further improved; development of a better universal evaporation/fission model should be of a high priority.
- Research Organization:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 977768
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-04-4929; TRN: US1003718
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Proc. Seventh Specialists' Meeting on Shielding Aspect of Accelerators, Targets and Irrdiation Facilities, SATIF-7. Sacavem (Lisbon), Portugal, May 17-18, 2004
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
ACCELERATORS
ACTINIDES
AMERICIUM 241
AMERICIUM 241 TARGET
CROSS SECTIONS
DATA ANALYSIS
FISSION
FRAGMENTATION
IODINE 129
IODINE 129 TARGET
IRRADIATION
ISOTOPES
NEPTUNIUM 237
NEPTUNIUM 237 TARGET
NUCLEI
PRODUCTION
PROTONS
SHIELDING
SPALLATION
SYNCHROCYCLOTRONS
TARGETS