The Standard Chemical-Thermodynamic Properties of Phosphorus and Some of its Key Compounds and Aqueous Species: An Evaluation of Differences between the Previous Recommendations of NBS/NIST and CODATA
The aqueous chemistry of phosphorus is dominated by P(V), which under typical environmental conditions (and depending on pH and concentration) can be present as the orthophosphate ions H{sub 3}PO{sub 4}{sup 0}(aq), H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup -}(aq), HPO{sub 4}{sup 2-}(aq), or PO{sub 4}{sup 3-}(aq). Many divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent metal ions form sparingly soluble orthophosphate phases that, depending on the solution pH and concentrations of phosphate and metal ions, can be solubility limiting phases. Geochemical and chemical engineering modeling of solubilities and speciation requires comprehensive thermodynamic databases that include the standard thermodynamic properties for the aqueous species and solid compounds. The most widely used sources for standard thermodynamic properties are the NBS (now NIST) Tables (from 1982 and earlier; with a 1989 erratum) and the final CODATA evaluation (1989). However, a comparison of the reported enthalpies of formation and Gibbs energies of formation for key phosphate compounds and aqueous species, especially H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup -}(aq) and HPO{sub 4}{sup 2-}(aq), shows a systematic and nearly constant difference of 6.3 to 6.9 kJ {center_dot} mol{sup -1} per phosphorus atom between these two evaluations. The existing literature contains numerous studies (including major data summaries) that are based on one or the other of these evaluations. In this report we examine and identify the origin of this difference and conclude that the CODATA evaluation is more reliable. Values of the standard entropies of the H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup -}(aq), HPO{sub 4}{sup 2-}(aq), and PO{sub 4}{sup 3-}(aq) ions at 298.15 K and p{sup o} = 1 bar were re-examined in the light of more recent information and data not considered in the CODATA review, and a slightly different value of S{sub m}{sup o}(H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup -}, aq, 298.15 K) = 90.6 {+-} 1.5 J {center_dot} K{sup -1} mol{sup -1} was obtained.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 920864
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-JRNL-227692; JSLCAG; TRN: US200805%%215
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Solution Chemistry, Vol. 36, Issue 11/12; ISSN 0095-9782
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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