Layered manganese oxide intergrowth electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries: Part 1-substitution with Co or Ni
Lithium manganese oxides substituted with nickel or cobalt were characterized electrochemically in lithium cell configurations. The compounds studied were either single-phase layered structures with either primarily O2 or O3 stacking arrangements, or O2/O3 intergrowths, prepared from P2, P3 and P2/P3 sodium-containing precursors, respectively. The stacking arrangements are extremely sensitive to the Na/T. M. (T. M. = transition metal) ratios and the level of substitution. Phase diagrams showing the stability regions of the various arrangements for the Na-Ni-Mn-O system are presented. A possible correlation between vacancies and electrochemical performance is suggested. For high levels of substitution with Ni, fewer defects are possible for materials containing more O3 component and higher discharge capacities can be achieved, but spinel conversion upon cycling also occurs more rapidly as the O3 content increases. Intergrowths show intermediate behavior and represent a potential route towards designing stable, high capacity electrodes.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE. Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Office of the FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technology Program (US)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC03-76SF00098
- OSTI ID:
- 840889
- Report Number(s):
- LBNL-56268-Pt.-1; R&D Project: 500301; TRN: US200512%%309
- Journal Information:
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 5; Other Information: Submitted to Chemistry of Materials: Volume 17, No.5; Journal Publication Date: 03/08/2005; PBD: 8 Sep 2004
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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