Spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries.
This paper gives a historical account of the development of spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Research in the late 1970's and early 1980's on high-temperature . Li/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} cells led to the evaluation of lithium spinels Li[B{sub 2}]X{sub 4} at room temperature (B = metal cation). This work highlighted the importance of the [B{sub 2}]X{sub 4}spinel framework as a host electrode structure and the ability to tailor the cell voltage by selection of different B cations. Examples of lithium-ion cells that operate with spinel anode/spinel cathode couples are provided. Particular attention is paid to spinels within the solid solution system Li{sub 1+x}Mn{sub 2-x}O{sub 4} (0 {le} x {le} 0.33).
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (US)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 750441
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CMT/CP-96818; TRN: US200221%%305
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 100th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, Cincinnati, OH (US), 05/03/1998--05/06/1998; Other Information: PBD: 10 Nov 1999
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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