Inspection and assessment of energy conservation opportunities at Ellis Island National Park, Ellis Island, New York
Ellis Island is a National Park Service (NPS) facility located in New York Harbor that hosts two million visitors per year. The main building houses exhibits and artifacts, food and gift concessions, and staff work and office spaces in a 200,000-square-foot floor area. Heating and cooling of the main building are provided by a central heating and cooling plant, housed in an adjacent 20,000-square-foot building, with distribution by nine main fan systems and perimeter radiators. Energy end-use estimates were obtained by reconciling connected load characteristics with billing data. The energy-use intensities are about 40 kWh/ft[sup 2]-yr for electricity and 170,000 Btu/ft[sup 2]-yr for natural gas. Energy use is higher than expected for facilities of this type in this region. This high energy use is due to a number of factors. A large fraction of the lighting is provided by incandescent lamps. Constant-volume air-handlers and reheat coils are used in most of the exhibit spaces. Tight temperature and humidity control is achieved in these spaces at the expense of substantial energy use for simultaneous heating and cooling. The large window area is made up of entirely of single-glazed units. Ventilation is controlled by time schedules, not occupant load. Most motors and pumps are single-speed rather than the more efficient variable speed drive type. A preliminary assessment of the potential for energy conservation has been made after a site inspection and analysis of utility bills, building plans, and other information. The electric savings potential is over 30% using available, generally cost-effective technologies. The fossil fuel savings potential is over 1,500 MBtu per year and could be much higher because 10,000 MBtu/yr of natural gas consumption could not be accounted for in our analysis. Cost-effective Energy Conservation Opportunities were identified in the areas of lighting, HVAC, central plant, envelope, motors, and other equipment and loads.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 6928572
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-8458; ON: DE93006606
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
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CONSUMPTION RATES
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
HVAC SYSTEMS
INSPECTION
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
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AC SYSTEMS
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POWER SYSTEMS
320105* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Building Services- (1987-)