Health and environmental effects document for batteries: 1980
An evaluation is presented of the ecological and health effects of the near-term electric storage batteries (lead/acid, nickel/zinc, and nickel/iron) as related to electric and hybrid vehicle applications. The storage battery technology is considered in its totality, and emissions are estimated for the complete cycle. For estimating quantities of various emissions, the market penetration is assumed to be 3 x 10/sup 6/ Pb/acid battery-powered vehicles and 8 x 10/sup 6/ each of the Ni/Zn and Ni/Fe battery-powered vehicles on the road by the year 2000. Ecological effects are assessed using the Estimated Permissible Concentration (EPC) approach. Pb, S, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Sb appear to be the most hazardous emission constituents and exceed EPC values for protection of ecology in one or more of the battery-related industries. More definitive, quantitative estimates of damage to the biota and to the ecosystem are not feasible because of paucity of relevant information. Health effects as a result of increased levels of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in the environment and risks of exposure to arsine, stibine, and antimony trioxide released during charging are assessed. Health effects among the occupationally exposed are also assessed using the toxicological models. Acute and chronic effects of exposure to stibine, arsine, and antimony trioxide are described.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6919755
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/ES-105
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
25 ENERGY STORAGE
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
HYBRID ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
IRON-NICKEL BATTERIES
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
NICKEL-ZINC BATTERIES
AIR POLLUTION
ANTIMONY
ANTIMONY HYDRIDES
ANTIMONY OXIDES
ARSENIC
ARSENIC HYDRIDES
CADMIUM
COPPER
DATA COMPILATION
ELECTRIC POWER
GASEOUS WASTES
HEALTH HAZARDS
LAND POLLUTION
LEAD
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION
METABOLISM
MINING
NICKEL
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
PLANTS
PRODUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
SULFUR
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
TOXICITY
ZINC
ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
DATA
ECOSYSTEMS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELEMENTS
HAZARDS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
METAL-METAL OXIDE BATTERIES
METALS
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
POWER
SAFETY
SAFETY STANDARDS
SEMIMETALS
STANDARDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VEHICLES
WASTES
570000* - Health & Safety
500200 - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
510200 - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
520200 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
250900 - Energy Storage- Batteries
290300 - Energy Planning & Policy- Environment
Health
& Safety