Research and development of rapid hydrogenation for coal conversion to synthetic motor fuels (riser cracking of coal). Final report, April 1, 1976-September 30, 1980
The objective of the program described was to develop a noncatalytic process for the hydropyrolysis of lignite and coal to produce high-octane blending gasoline constituents, methane, ethane, and carbon oxides. The process would operate in a balanced plant mode, using spent char to generate process hydrogen by steam-oxygen gasification. The technical program included the construction and operating of a bench-scale unit (5-10 lb/hr), the design, construction, and operation of a process development unit (PDU) (100 lb/hr), and a final technical and economic assessment of the process, called Riser Cracking of Coal. In the bench-scale unit program, 143 runs were made investigating the effects of pressure, temperature, heating rate, residence time, and particle size, processing North Dakota lignite in hydrogen. Some runs were made in which the hydrogen was preheated to pyrolysis temperatures prior to contact with the coal, and, also, in which steam was substituted for half of the hydrogen. Attempts to operate the bench-scale unit at 1200 psig and 1475/sup 0/F were not successful. Depth of carbon conversion was found to be influenced by hydrogen pressure, hydrogen-to-coal ratio, and the severity of the thermal treatment. The composition of hydrocarbon liquids produced was found to change with severity. At low severity, the liquids contained sizable fractions of phenols and cresols. At high severity, the fraction of phenols and cresols was much reduced, with an attendant increase in BTX. In operating the PDU, it was necessary to use more oxygen than was planned to achieve pyrolysis temperatures because of heat losses, and portions of hydrocarbon products were lost through combustion with a large increase in carbon oxide yields. Economic studies, however, showed that selling prices for gasoline blending stock, fuel oil, and fuel gas are competitive in current markets, so that the process is held to warrant further development.
- Research Organization:
- Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC21-76ET10520
- OSTI ID:
- 6629694
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/ET/10520-1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Research and development of rapid hydrogenation for coal conversion to synthetic motor fuels (riser cracking of coal). Annual report, April 1, 1976--March 31, 1977. [15 refs]
Research and development of rapid hydrogenation for coal conversion to synthetic motor fuels (riser cracking of coal). Project 61001 annual report, April 1, 1978-March 31, 1979
Related Subjects
10 SYNTHETIC FUELS
CARBON OXIDES
PRODUCTION
COAL LIQUEFACTION
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
PROCESS DEVELOPMENT UNITS
ETHANE
LIGNITE
PYROLYSIS
METHANE
CHARS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD
ECONOMICS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FUEL OILS
HEAT TREATMENTS
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
HYDROGENATION
OXYGEN
PARTICLE SIZE
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE
SYNTHETIC FUELS
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TIME DEPENDENCE
ALKANES
BROWN COAL
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
FUNCTIONAL MODELS
HYDROCARBONS
INFORMATION
LIQUEFACTION
LIQUID FUELS
MATERIALS
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS
SIZE
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
YIELDS
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
090121 - Hydrocarbon Fuels- Chemical Synthesis- (1976-1989)