CO/sub 2/ and carbonate chemistry applied to geothermal engineering. Guidance for interpreting and using chemical data about geothermal resources
The chemistry of high-HCO/sub 3/ resources is emphasized because they present special complications about data interpretation, development of vapor, and potential for scale deposition. Solubility of CO/sub 2/ and its exsolution from liquids is treated according to the unique context presented by geothermal resources. Contrasts between this approach and the treatment of CO/sub 2/ solubility in physical chemistry and other geochemical contexts are presented. Dimensional units for solubility coefficients different from those of physical chemists are presented to favor engineering application. The effects of CO/sub 2/ on wellbore flow, initiation of flashing, and depth of the 2-phase zone are described and illustrated with examples. To aid the understanding of fluid behavior and the interplay with the design process, specially constructed charts - chemical maps - are presented, examples given for their use, and directions given for their construction.
- Research Organization:
- Republic Geothermal, Inc., Santa Fe Springs, CA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6515961
- Report Number(s):
- LBL-11509; GREMP-15
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CARBON DIOXIDE
CHEMISTRY
SOLUBILITY
CARBONATES
GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS
ACID CARBONATES
AMMONIA
BRINES
CALCITE
CALCIUM CARBONATES
FLASHING
FLOW RATE
GASES
GEOTHERMAL WELLS
HYDRATION
PH VALUE
PUMPING
REACTION KINETICS
SCALE CONTROL
THERMODYNAMIC ACTIVITY
TWO-PHASE FLOW
VAPOR PRESSURE
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CONTROL
EVAPORATION
FLUID FLOW
FLUIDS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
KINETICS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SOLVATION
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
WELLS
Geothermal Legacy
150903* - Geothermal Engineering- Corrosion
Scaling & Materials Development
150904 - Geothermal Engineering- Geothermal Reservoir & Well Performance