Evaluation of chemical sensors for in situ ground-water monitoring at the Hanford Site
This report documents a preliminary review and evaluation of instrument systems and sensors that may be used to detect ground-water contaminants in situ at the Hanford Site. Three topics are covered in this report: (1) identification of a group of priority contaminants at Hanford that could be monitored in situ, (2) a review of current instrument systems and sensors for environmental monitoring, and (3) an evaluation of instrument systems that could be used to monitor Hanford contaminants. Thirteen priority contaminants were identified in Hanford ground water, including carbon tetrachloride and six related chlorinated hydrocarbons, cyanide, methyl ethyl ketone, chromium (VI), fluoride, nitrate, and uranium. Based on transduction principles, chemical sensors were divided into four classes, ten specific types of instrument systems were considered: fluorescence spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), spark excitation-fiber optic spectrochemical emission sensor (FOSES), chemical optrodes, stripping voltammetry, catalytic surface-modified ion electrode immunoassay sensors, resistance/capacitance, quartz piezobalance and surface acoustic wave devices. Because the flow of heat is difficult to control, there are currently no environmental chemical sensors based on thermal transduction. The ability of these ten instrument systems to detect the thirteen priority contaminants at the Hanford Site at the required sensitivity was evaluated. In addition, all ten instrument systems were qualitatively evaluated for general selectivity, response time, reliability, and field operability. 45 refs., 23 figs., 7 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 6255891
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-6854; ON: DE89011306
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
DETECTION
OPTIMIZATION
GROUND WATER
CONTAMINATION
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
DESIGN
TESTING
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
CYANIDES
FLUORIDES
HANFORD RESERVATION
KETONES
MONITORING
NITRATES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
TASK SCHEDULING
URANIUM
ACTINIDES
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DATA PROCESSING
ELEMENTS
FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
METALS
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PROCESSING
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
US DOE
US ERDA
US ORGANIZATIONS
WATER
510200* - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
510300 - Environment
Terrestrial- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)