Detonation chemistry studies of energetic materials using laboratory scale samples
We describe an apparatus by which the detonation products of an explosive can be identified and whose relative concentrations can be determined quantitatively. These measurements can be made on products that have been formed in less than one microsecond after the passage of the detonation wave. The technique is based on the rapid quenching of chemical reactions by virtue of the free expansion of the products into vacuum. Of course, products that have been formed over a longer period of time and under different pressure/temperature conditions can also be studied. Time resolved molecular-beam mass spectrometry is used, so that whether detonation occurred or not in forming the products can be determined. We describe optical techniques, principally Schlieren photographs, that also confirm detonation. We report measurements made on six standard explosives, PETN, RDX, HMX, HNS, TNT and TATB, and one research explosive, nitric oxide. For none of the standard explosives do we measure product distributions that agree with model predictions based on equilibrium assumptions. A computer model of the free expansion is described briefly and its importance to the interpretation of the data is emphasized. 16 refs., 13 figs.
- Research Organization:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- DOE/DP
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-36
- OSTI ID:
- 5790976
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-89-3000; CONF-8909182-3; ON: DE90000536
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: NATO advanced study institute on chemistry and physics of molecular processes in energetic materials, Sicily (Italy), 2-15 Sep 1989
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES
CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD
MASS SPECTRA
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MOLECULAR BEAMS
NITRO COMPOUNDS
PETN
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SHOCK WAVES
TATB
TNT
BEAMS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
ESTERS
EXPLOSIONS
EXPLOSIVES
KINETICS
NITRATES
NITRIC ACID ESTERS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
REACTION KINETICS
SPECTRA
YIELDS
450100* - Military Technology
Weaponry
& National Defense- Chemical Explosions & Explosives