Lithium oxide in the Li(Si)/FeS/sub 2/ thermal battery system
The formation of lithium oxide (Li/sub 2/O) in Li(Si)/FeS/sub 2/ thermal batteries during the required shelf life of twenty-five years has been identified in previous work as a reaction deleterious to thermal battery performance. This paper gives the results of a study designed to determine performance degradation caused by Li/sub 2/O and to determine an acceptable level of Li/sub 2/O that can be used to define required dryness of battery parts and allowable leak rates. Pellets preconditioned with Li/sub 2/O were used in single cells or in batteries. Their performance was compared with discharges made using pellets with no Li/sub 2/O added. The actual Li/sub 2/O present in anode pellets at various stages during fabrication was determined by using 14 MeV neutron activation analysis. Results are reported. This work shows that thermal battery production controls should be designed in such a manner that not more than 15 wt.% of the Li(Si) is oxidized at the end of the desired self life. Furthermore, the formation of a Li/sub 2/O layer equivalent to the oxidation of 6.0 wt.% of the anode on the surface facing the current collector must be prevented. Battery designers must allow for a drop in coulombic efficiency as the Li(Si) reacts, and the effect on performance of Li/sub 2/O in the separator must be considered.
- Research Organization:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76DP00789
- OSTI ID:
- 5743283
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-81-1705; ON: DE82005114
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
BATTERY SEPARATORS
PERFORMANCE
THERMAL BATTERIES
EFFICIENCY
IRON SULFIDES
LEAKS
LITHIUM OXIDES
MAGNESIUM OXIDES
PELLETS
STORAGE
STORAGE LIFE
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
IRON COMPOUNDS
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
250902* - Energy Storage- Batteries- Performance & Testing
250901 - Energy Storage- Batteries- Design & Development
250903 - Energy Storage- Batteries- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries