Thermodynamic properties of 9-methylcarbazole and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-methylcarbazole
Removal of carbazole and its derivatives from heavy petroleum has proved to be particularly difficult using present technology. Studies have shown carbazole and its alkyl-homologs are the dominant nitrogen-containing components in clarified slurry oils, thereby indicating their low reactivity and/or formation during cat-cracking processes. The results reported here will point the way to the development of new methods of nitrogen removal from carbazole and its derivatives. Measurements leading to the calculation of the ideal-gas thermodynamic properties are reported for 9-methylcarbazole and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-methylcarbazole. For studies on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-methylcarbazole experimental methods included combustion calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densitometry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). Adiabatic heat-capacity and combustion calorimetric studies were reported previously for 9-methylcarbazole. Vapor pressures by comparative ebulliometry and inclined-piston gauge manometry, and heat-capacities for the liquid phase by d.s.c. are reported here. Entropies, enthalpies, and Gibbs energies of formation were derived for the ideal gas for both compounds for selected temperatures between 298.15 K and near 700 K. The Gibbs energies of formation will be used in a subsequent report in thermodynamic calculations to study the reaction pathway of the initial hydrogenation step in the carbazole/H{sub 2} hydrodenitrogenation network. 52 refs., 9 figs., 15 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Bartlesville, OK (United States). National Inst. for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC22-83FE60149
- OSTI ID:
- 5689959
- Report Number(s):
- NIPER-520; ON: DE91002235
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CARBAZOLES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
PETROLEUM
DENITRIFICATION
CALORIMETRY
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CRYSTALLIZATION
DENSITY
ENTHALPY
ENTROPY
EVAPORATION
FORMATION FREE ENERGY
HYDROGENATION
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
REACTION INTERMEDIATES
SPECIFIC HEAT
VAPOR PRESSURE
VISCOSITY
AROMATICS
AZAARENES
AZOLES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ENERGY
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FREE ENERGY
FUELS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
KINETICS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
REACTION KINETICS
020400* - Petroleum- Processing