Fundamental aspects of the freezing of cells, with emphasis on mammalian ova and embryos
Abstract
The problem in cryobiology is how to cool cells to -196/sup 0/C and return them to normal temperatures without killing them. One important factor is the presence of a protective additive like glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide. Mammalian cells rarely survive freezing to below -40/sup 0/C in its absence. In the presence of an additive, survival is critically dependent on the cooling rate. Supraoptimal rates and suboptimal rates are both damaging. Death at supraoptimal rates is the result of the formation of intracellular ice and its recrystallization during warming. Death at suboptimal rates is a consequence of the major alterations in aqueous solutions produced by ice formation. The chief effects are a major reduction in the fraction of the solution remaining unfrozen at a given temperature and a major increase in the solute concentration of that fraction. The introduction of molar concentrations of additive greatly reduces both the fraction frozen and the concentration of electrolytes in the unfrozen channels and in the cell interior. Usually, freezing either kills cells outright or it results in survivors that retain full capacity to function. But there is the possibility that in some cases survivors may in fact be impaired genetically or physiologically. All evidencemore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 5307570
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-800653-1
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-26
- Resource Type:
- Conference
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 9. international congress on animal reproduction and artificial insemination, Madrid, Spain, 16 Jun 1980
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; ANIMAL CELLS; FREEZING; EMBRYONIC CELLS; PRESERVATION; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; OVA; CRYOGENICS; DMSO; GLYCEROL; LOW TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL TIME; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; TIME DEPENDENCE; ALCOHOLS; GAMETES; GERM CELLS; HYDROXY COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS; SULFOXIDES; 550300* - Cytology
Citation Formats
Mazur, P. Fundamental aspects of the freezing of cells, with emphasis on mammalian ova and embryos. United States: N. p., 1980.
Web.
Mazur, P. Fundamental aspects of the freezing of cells, with emphasis on mammalian ova and embryos. United States.
Mazur, P. 1980.
"Fundamental aspects of the freezing of cells, with emphasis on mammalian ova and embryos". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5307570.
@article{osti_5307570,
title = {Fundamental aspects of the freezing of cells, with emphasis on mammalian ova and embryos},
author = {Mazur, P.},
abstractNote = {The problem in cryobiology is how to cool cells to -196/sup 0/C and return them to normal temperatures without killing them. One important factor is the presence of a protective additive like glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide. Mammalian cells rarely survive freezing to below -40/sup 0/C in its absence. In the presence of an additive, survival is critically dependent on the cooling rate. Supraoptimal rates and suboptimal rates are both damaging. Death at supraoptimal rates is the result of the formation of intracellular ice and its recrystallization during warming. Death at suboptimal rates is a consequence of the major alterations in aqueous solutions produced by ice formation. The chief effects are a major reduction in the fraction of the solution remaining unfrozen at a given temperature and a major increase in the solute concentration of that fraction. The introduction of molar concentrations of additive greatly reduces both the fraction frozen and the concentration of electrolytes in the unfrozen channels and in the cell interior. Usually, freezing either kills cells outright or it results in survivors that retain full capacity to function. But there is the possibility that in some cases survivors may in fact be impaired genetically or physiologically. All evidence indicates that genetic damage does not occur. But there are clear examples in which freezing does induce nonlethal physiological damage. (ERB)},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5307570},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1980},
month = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1980}
}