Conceptual designs for utility load-leveling battery with Li/FeS cells
In 1978, a conceptual design of a 100 MW-h load-leveling battery system having Li alloy/FeS cells was developed as a result of a joint effort between ANL and Rockwell International. In this conceptual design, the submodule, which was the basic replaceable unit for the system, had a capacity of 240 kW-h and consisted of ninety-six 2.5 kW-h cells. However, a study by Rockwell indicated that the cost for battery hardware, $60 to 80/kW-h (cells and converters not included), was too high. Most of this cost was contributed by the submodule structure and the charge equalization scheme, which was the same as that developed for electric-vehicle batteries. In 1979, subsequent efforts were concentrated on lowering these hardware costs and resulted in the development of three modified designs, which are presented in this report. The first, developed at ANL, consisted of a 30 kW-h cell/submodule and the electric-vehicle equalization scheme. The hardware cost for this modified design was quite low, about $25/kW-h; however, this design was eventually rejected owing to the apparent impracticality of such a large cell. The two other modified designs had more conservative cell designs. One of them, developed at ANL, consisted of a 120 kW-h submodule consisting of one hundred 1.2 kW-h cells; the other, developed at Rockwell, consisted of a 1020 kW-h submodule consisting of four hundred and eight 2.5 kW-h cells. For both of these designs, an alternative method of equalization, in which fixed resistance shunts are used on each cell, was proposed; this equalization method adds little equipment cost to the system and only sacrifices about 4% of the coulombic and energy efficiencies. The cost of battery hardware for these two designs was estimated to be acceptable, about $22 to 60/kW-h. Some questions remain on the assumed capabilities of the cells and the feasibility of the battery hardware.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (USA); Atomics International Div., Richland, WA (USA). Rockwell Hanford Operations
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 5231447
- Report Number(s):
- ANL-80-20
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
25 ENERGY STORAGE
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
LOAD MANAGEMENT
COST
DESIGN
PERFORMANCE
ELECTRIC POWER
ENERGY STORAGE
MAINTENANCE
RELIABILITY
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
POWER
PUBLIC UTILITIES
STORAGE
200107* - Fossil-Fueled Power Plants- Off-Peak Energy Storage- (1980-)
250900 - Energy Storage- Batteries