Improving in vivo calibration phantoms

Conference · Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1991

OSTI ID:5071795

Lynch, T P; Olsen, P C

Anthropomorphic phantoms have been the basis for quantification of radioactive material in the body using in vivo measurements. The types of phantoms used and the degree of anthropomorphic detail vary depending on the counting application, the radioactive material to be measured, phantom availability and cost. Consequently, measurement results for the same types of radioactive material from different facilities are not always comparable. At a February 1990 meeting at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the need to develop the gold standards'' or primary reference standards for in vivo phantoms was discussed in detail. The consensus of the attendees at the meeting was that the state of the art in phantoms was adequate as a starting point and that there was no need to start phantom development from scratch. In particular, the torso phantom developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and its commercial progeny, the bottle manikin absorption (BOMAB) phantom and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard N44.3 thyroid phantom, were identified as the starting points for the development of the primary reference standards. Working groups at the meeting subsequently recommended design improvements for the existing phantom designs. The implementation of these recommendations is the subject of this paper.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
• DOE Contract Number: AC06-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 5071795
• Report Number(s): PNL-SA-20013; CONF-911032-4; ON: DE92002157
• Resource Relation: Conference: 37. annual conference on bioassay analytical and environmental radiochemistry, Ottawa (Canada), 7-11 Oct 1991
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
PHANTOMS
OPTIMIZATION
STANDARDS
TISSUE-EQUIVALENT MATERIALS
CALIBRATION
CALIBRATION STANDARDS
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT
DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
IN VIVO
NAI DETECTORS
PERFORMANCE
POLYURETHANES
POTASSIUM 40
QUALITY ASSURANCE
RECOMMENDATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
WHOLE-BODY COUNTING
ALKA
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
COUNTING TECHNIQUES
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
LIGHT NUCLEI
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MOCKUP
NANOSEC LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
PETROCHEMICALS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PLASTICS
POLYAMIDES
POLYMERS
POTASSIUM ISOTOPES
RADIATION DETECTORS
RADIOISOTOPES
SCINTILLATION COUNTERS
SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS
STRUCTURAL MODELS
SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
655003* - Medical Physics- Dosimetry
440102 - Radiation Instrumentation- Radiation Dosemeters
560151 - Radiation Effects on Animals- Man