Probability Density Function for Waves Propagating in a Straight PEC Rough Wall Tunnel
The probability density function for wave propagating in a straight perfect electrical conductor (PEC) rough wall tunnel is deduced from the mathematical models of the random electromagnetic fields. The field propagating in caves or tunnels is a complex-valued Gaussian random processing by the Central Limit Theorem. The probability density function for single modal field amplitude in such structure is Ricean. Since both expected value and standard deviation of this field depend only on radial position, the probability density function, which gives what is the power distribution, is a radially dependent function. The radio channel places fundamental limitations on the performance of wireless communication systems in tunnels and caves. The transmission path between the transmitter and receiver can vary from a simple direct line of sight to one that is severely obstructed by rough walls and corners. Unlike wired channels that are stationary and predictable, radio channels can be extremely random and difficult to analyze. In fact, modeling the radio channel has historically been one of the more challenging parts of any radio system design; this is often done using statistical methods. In this contribution, we present the most important statistic property, the field probability density function, of wave propagating in a straight PEC rough wall tunnel. This work only studies the simplest case--PEC boundary which is not the real world but the methods and conclusions developed herein are applicable to real world problems which the boundary is dielectric. The mechanisms behind electromagnetic wave propagation in caves or tunnels are diverse, but can generally be attributed to reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Because of the multiple reflections from rough walls, the electromagnetic waves travel along different paths of varying lengths. The interactions between these waves cause multipath fading at any location, and the strengths of the waves decrease as the distance between the transmitter and receiver increases.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 15011418
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-JRNL-207815; TRN: US200507%%215
- Journal Information:
- Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 5
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
42 ENGINEERING
AMPLITUDES
COMMUNICATIONS
DESIGN
DIFFRACTION
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
PERFORMANCE
POWER DISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY
PROCESSING
REFLECTION
SCATTERING
SIMULATION
STATISTICS