Mapping polaronic states and lithiation gradients in individual V2O5 nanowires

De Jesus, Luis R.; Horrocks, Gregory A.; Liang, Yufeng; Parija, Abhishek; Jaye, Cherno; Wangoh, Linda; Wang, Jian; Fischer, Daniel A.; Piper, Louis F.  J.; Prendergast, David; Banerjee, Sarbajit

doi:10.1038/ncomms12022

Title: Mapping polaronic states and lithiation gradients in individual V₂O₅ nanowires

Journal Article · Tue Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12022· OSTI ID:1379408

De Jesus, Luis R. ^[1]; Horrocks, Gregory A. ^[1]; Liang, Yufeng ^[2]; Parija, Abhishek ^[1]; Jaye, Cherno ^[3]; Wangoh, Linda ^[4]; Wang, Jian ^[5]; Fischer, Daniel A. ^[3]; Piper, Louis F. J. ^[4]; Prendergast, David ^[2]; Banerjee, Sarbajit ^[1]

Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States). Material Measurement Lab.
Binghamton Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada). Canadian Light Source

The rapid insertion and extraction of Li ions from a cathode material is imperative for the functioning of a Li-ion battery. In many cathode materials such as LiCoO ₂ , lithiation proceeds through solid-solution formation, whereas in other materials such as LiFePO ₄ lithiation/delithiation is accompanied by a phase transition between Li-rich and Li-poor phases. We demonstrate using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) that in individual nanowires of layered V ₂O ₅ , lithiation gradients observed on Li-ion intercalation arise from electron localization and local structural polarization. Electrons localized on the V ₂ O ₅ framework couple to local structural distortions, giving rise to small polarons that serves as a bottleneck for further Li-ion insertion. The stabilization of this polaron impedes equilibration of charge density across the nanowire and gives rise to distinctive domains. The enhancement in charge/discharge rates for this material on nanostructuring can be attributed to circumventing challenges with charge transport from polaron formation.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-98CH10886

OSTI ID:: 1379408

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 7; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 105 works

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Title: Mapping polaronic states and lithiation gradients in individual V₂O₅ nanowires