Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole [Discovery of the onset of rapid accretion by a dormant massive black hole]

Burrows, D. N.; Kennea, J. A.; Ghisellini, G.; Mangano, V.; Zhang, B.; Page, K. L.; Eracleous, M.; Romano, P.; Sakamoto, T.; Falcone, A. D.; Osborne, J. P.; Campana, S.; Beardmore, A. P.; Breeveld, A. A.; Chester, M. M.; Corbet, R.; Covino, S.; Cummings, J. R.; D'Avanzo, P.; D'Elia, V.; Esposito, P.; Evans, P. A.; Fugazza, D.; Gelbord, J. M.; Hiroi, K.; Holland, S. T.; Huang, K. Y.; Im, M.; Israel, G.; Jeon, Y.; Jeon, Y. -B.; Jun, H. D.; Kawai, N.; Kim, J. H.; Krimm, H. A.; Marshall, F. E.; Mészáros, P.; Negoro, H.; Omodei, N.; Park, W. -K.; Perkins, J. S.; Sugizaki, M.; Sung, H. -I.; Tagliaferri, G.; Troja, E.; Ueda, Y.; Urata, Y.; Usui, R.; Antonelli, L. A.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Cusumano, G.; Giommi, P.; Melandri, A.; Perri, M.; Racusin, J. L.; Sbarufatti, B.; Siegel, M. H.; Gehrels, N.

doi:10.1038/nature10374

Title: Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole [Discovery of the onset of rapid accretion by a dormant massive black hole]

Journal Article · Wed Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10374· OSTI ID:1357206

Burrows, D. N. ^[1]; Kennea, J. A. ^[1]; Ghisellini, G. ^[2]; Mangano, V. ^[3]; Zhang, B. ^[4]; Page, K. L. ^[5]; Eracleous, M. ^[1]; Romano, P. ^[3]; Sakamoto, T. ^[6]; Falcone, A. D. ^[1]; Osborne, J. P. ^[5]; Campana, S. ^[2]; Beardmore, A. P. ^[5]; Breeveld, A. A. ^[7]; Chester, M. M. ^[1]; Corbet, R. ^[8]; Covino, S. ^[2]; Cummings, J. R. ^[6]; D'Avanzo, P. ^[2]; D'Elia, V. ^[9] more »

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate (Italy)
INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Palermo (Italy)
Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
Univ. of Leicester, Leicester (United Kingdom)
CRESST, Greenbelt, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. College London, Dorking (United Kingdom)
CRESST, Greenbelt, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States)
ASI Science Data Center, Frascati (Italy)
INAF- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Capoterra (Italy)
Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan)
CRESST, Greenbelt, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. Space Research Assoc., Columbia, MD (United States)
Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei (Taiwan)
Seoul National Univ., Seoul (Republic of Korea)
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monteporzio Catone (Italy)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon (Republic of Korea)
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan); RIKEN, Saitama (Japan)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
RIKEN, Saitama (Japan)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon (Republic of Korea); Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)
National Central Univ., Chung-Li (Taiwan)
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)
ASI Science Data Center, Frascati (Italy); INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monteporzio Catone (Italy)

Supermassive black holes have powerful gravitational fields with strong gradients that can destroy stars that get too close producing a bright flare in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions from stellar debris that forms an accretion disk around the black hole. The aftermath of this process may have been seen several times over the past two decades in the form of sparsely sampled, slowly fading emission from distant galaxies, but the onset of the stellar disruption event has not hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of a bright X-ray flare from the extragalactic transient Swift J164449.3+573451. This source increased in brightness in the X-ray band by a factor of at least 10,000 since 1990 and by a factor of at least 100 since early 2010. We conclude that we have captured the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. A companion paper comes to similar conclusions on the basis of radio observations. Furthermore, this event is probably due to the tidal disruption of a star falling into a supermassive black hole, but the detailed behaviour differs from current theoretical models of such events.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1357206

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 476, Issue 7361; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 400 works

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On the Missing Energy Puzzle of Tidal Disruption Events Lu, Wenbin; Kumar, Pawan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad54a	journal	September 2018
Weighing Black Holes Using Tidal Disruption Events Mockler, Brenna; Guillochon, James; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab010f	journal	February 2019
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Neutrino Emissions from Tidal Disruption Remnants Hayasaki, Kimitake; Yamazaki, Ryo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab44ca	journal	November 2019
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A Unified Model for Tidal Disruption Events Dai, Lixin; McKinney, Jonathan C.; Roth, Nathaniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab429	journal	May 2018
X-Ray Fluorescence from Super-Eddington Accreting Black Holes Thomsen, Lars Lund; Dai, Jane Lixin; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4518	journal	October 2019
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Powerful radiative jets in super-critical accretion disks around non-spinning black holes Sadowski, Aleksander; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.00654	text	January 2015
Double tidal disruptions in galactic nuclei Mandel, Ilya; Levin, Yuri arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.02787	text	January 2015
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New physical insights about Tidal Disruption Events from a comprehensive observational inventory at X-ray wavelengths Auchettl, Katie; Guillochon, James; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.02291	text	January 2016
A New, Faint Population of X-ray Transients Bauer, F. E.; Treister, E.; Schawinski, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.04422	text	January 2017
iPTF16fnl: a faint and fast tidal disruption event in an E+A galaxy Blagorodnova, N.; Gezari, S.; Hung, T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00965	text	January 2017
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The GRB-SLSN Connection: mis-aligned magnetars, weak jet emergence, and observational signatures Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.01103	text	January 2017
Tidal Disruption of a White Dwarf by a Black Hole: The Diversity of Nucleosynthesis, Explosion Energy, and the Fate of Debris Streams Kawana, Kojiro; Tanikawa, Ataru; Yoshida, Naoki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.05526	text	January 2017
The Optical/NIR afterglow of GRB 111209A: Complex yet not Unprecedented Kann, D. A.; Schady, P.; E., F. Olivares arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.00601	text	January 2017
Discovery of a time lag between the soft X-ray and radio emission of the tidal disruption flare ASASSN-14li: Evidence for linear disk-jet coupling Pasham, Dheeraj R.; van Velzen, Sjoert arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.02882	text	January 2017
Tidally disrupted stars as a possible origin of both cosmic rays and neutrinos at the highest energies Biehl, Daniel; Boncioli, Denise; Lunardini, Cecilia arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.03555	text	January 2017
A Multi-Component Model for the Observed Astrophysical Neutrinos Palladino, Andrea; Winter, Walter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.07277	text	January 2018
Weighing Black Holes using Tidal Disruption Events Mockler, Brenna; Guillochon, James; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.08221	text	January 2018
On the Missing Energy Puzzle of Tidal Disruption Events Lu, Wenbin; Kumar, Pawan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.02151	text	January 2018
Classification of Tidal Disruption Events Based on Stellar Orbital Properties Hayasaki, Kimitake; Zhong, Shiyan; Li, Shuo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.06798	text	January 2018
The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution Blagorodnova, N.; Cenko, S. B.; Kulkarni, S. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.07446	text	January 2018
Breaking degeneracy in jet dynamics: multi-epoch joint modelling of the BL Lac PKS 2155-304 Lucchini, M.; Markoff, S.; Crumley, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.11341	text	January 2018
Observatory science with eXTP Zand, Jean J. M. in 't; Bozzo, Enrico; Qu, Jinlu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04023	text	January 2018
Probing the Black Hole Merger History in Clusters using Stellar Tidal Disruptions Samsing, Johan; Venumadhav, Tejaswi; Dai, Liang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.02889	text	January 2019
A magnetar-powered X-ray transient as the aftermath of a binary neutron-star merger Xue, Y. Q.; Zheng, X. C.; Li, Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.05368	text	January 2019
Tidal disruption events in active galactic nuclei Chan, Chi-Ho; Piran, Tsvi; Krolik, Julian H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.12261	text	January 2019
The Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS): improved SEDs, morphologies and redshifts with 12 optical filters de Oliveira, C. Mendes; Ribeiro, T.; Schoenell, W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.01567	text	January 2019
Neutrino Emissions from Tidal Disruption Remnants Hayasaki, Kimitake; Yamazaki, Ryo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.10882	text	January 2019
Polarimetry of relativistic tidal disruption event Swift J2058+0516 Wiersema, K.; Higgins, A. B.; Levan, A. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.11624	text	January 2019
A bright electromagnetic counterpart to extreme mass ratio inspirals Wang, Y. Y.; Wang, F. Y.; Zou, Y. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.04117	text	January 2019
A New Microquasar Candidate in M83 Soria, Roberto; Blair, William P.; Long, Knox S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.11149	text	January 2019
Estimation of the jet inclination angle for the TDE Swift J1644+57 Chakraborty, Sudip; Bhattacharyya, Sudip; Chakraborty, Chandrachur arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.02843	text	January 2019
Liverpool telescope 2: a new robotic facility for rapid transient follow-up Copperwheat, C. M.; Steele, I. A.; Barnsley, R. M. Experimental Astronomy, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-015-9447-0	journal	March 2015
The Physics of Accretion Discs, Winds and Jets in Tidal Disruption Events Dai, Jane Lixin; Lodato, Giuseppe; Cheng, Roseanne Space Science Reviews, Vol. 217, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00747-x	journal	January 2021
The THESEUS space mission concept: science case, design and expected performances Amati, L.; O’Brien, P.; Götz, D. Advances in Space Research, Vol. 62, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.03.010	journal	July 2018
Multi-Messenger Signatures of PeV-ZeV Cosmic Ray Sources Mészáros, Peter; Murase, Kohta; Asano, Katsuaki Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings, Vol. 297-299 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2018.07.031	journal	April 2018
Radiative Emission Mechanisms of Tidal Disruption Events Roth, Nathaniel; Rossi, Elena M.; Krolik, Julian H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2008.01117	text	January 2020
X-ray properties of TDEs Saxton, R.; Komossa, S.; Auchettl, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.15442	text	January 2021

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